Browsing by Author "Andersson, Johanna"
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Item Brain Drain in the Energy Sector in Rwanda; A case study of how the energy sector in Rwanda is not affected by a brain, but rather of a skills gap(2016-09-27) Andersson, Johanna; Marttila, Isabelle; University of Gothenburg/Graduate School; Göteborgs universitet/Graduate SchoolThis thesis aims to explain how the energy sector in Rwanda is affected by brain drain, what causes brain drain and how to overcome brain drain. The main purpose of the study was to investigate how brain drain could affect a new setting, in other words the energy sector in Rwanda, as previous studies within the field have mainly focused on the health care sector in other countries in Africa. To conduct the research, a case study has been used, with semi-structured interviews to collect the data. The empirical findings show that the energy sector in Rwanda is rather affected by a skills gap rather than a brain drain. The skills gap creates a mismatch in the workforce supplydemand and has its roots in the poor education standard. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the energy sector is crucial for the economic growth of the country and requires innovation and high expertise for further development, which is hard to find due to the lack of skills. In the context of the energy sector in Rwanda, we have come to the conclusion that the departure of executives and university graduates to other countries is more of a brain gain, than of a brain drain. This sector in particular, can benefit from more skilled workers, as sending them abroad to gain more knowledge, experience and contacts can be beneficial in the long run.Item Diversity management initiatives - from implementation to results(2014-08-13) Andersson, Johanna; Poleva, Maria; University of Gothenburg/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionenIn today’s globalized world, with moving workforces, there is high pressure from the society for working with diversity management. The executives of diversity play an important role in whether an initiative will be successful or not, which is why the focus has been on the executives’ perspective and intentions on the initiatives. This thesis aims to investigate diversity management initiatives in three different Swedish companies and investigate the process of the initiative and its results. Qualitative interviews with both executives and employees, has contributed to a practical and adequate perspective. The interviews showed that the process and chosen approach in each one of the initiatives are different from one another, although all of them have had successful outcomes. Today’s focus on measurability and increasing results are affecting the possibilities to implement an initiative, as the connections between a successfully implemented diversity initiative and results are somewhat weak. Implementing diversity initiatives are often about changing company culture and employee’s attitudes, which is a rather time and resource consuming process. This combination of pressure on results and measurability in combination with a time and resource consuming process may prevent the willingness to introduce diversity initiatives, since the outcomes are not always clear. The thesis suggests that it may take a while before you see results of a diversity initiative and that the results may not always be measurable, since it is often a change of attitudes. Important factors are a dedicated executive and effort from employees and a realistic expectation on what can be achieved.Item Har blåbär en blodtryckssänkande effekt hos män och kvinnor med metabola syndromet? - en systematisk översiktsartikel(2020-06-22) Ferm, Isabelle; Andersson, Johanna; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för medicin; University of Gothenburg /Institute of MedicineSammanfattning Titel: Har blåbär en blodtryckssänkande effekt hos män och kvinnor med metabola syndromet? Författare: Isabelle Ferm och Johanna Andersson Handledare: Klara Sjögren Examinator: Anna Winkvist Linje: Dietistprogrammet, 180/240 hp Typ av arbete: Självständigt arbete i klinisk nutrition, 15 hp Datum: 2020-05-25 Bakgrund: Metabola syndromet (MetS) är ett samlingsnamn för olika riskfaktorer för hjärt-kärlsjukdomar där bland annat högt blodtryck ingår. Antalet individer med MetS ökar globalt och för att förebygga och behandla riskfaktorerna är det fördelaktigt med en kost rik på frukt, grönsaker och kostfibrer. Med sitt höga innehåll av kostfibrer och antocyaniner tros blåbär därför ha en blodtryckssänkande effekt. Syfte: Syftet är att granska det vetenskapliga underlaget för att ta reda på om blåbär kan reducera risken att drabbas av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar genom att sänka blodtrycket hos individer med metabola syndromet. Sökväg: En systematisk litteratursökning gjordes i form av två sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Scopus, med sökorden: cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemias, blood pressure, vaccinium myrtillus, bilberry, blueberry, random, blind och RCT. Urvalskriterier: Inklusionskriterier innefattade randomiserade kontrollerade studier och deltagare över 18 år med metabola syndromet. Studierna skulle studera effekten av hela blåbäret och inte enskilt verksamma komponenter i bäret, vara skrivna på svenska eller engelska samt inkludera både män och kvinnor. Studier som exkluderades var de som var utförda på djur, de som kostade extra för att läsas och studier där kontrollgruppen fick en intervention istället för placebo. Datainsamling och analys: Tre studier kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall för randomiserade studier. Två av studierna inkluderades i den sammanvägda bedömningen enligt GRADE. En studie exkluderades på grund av låg studiekvalitet. Resultat: Studierna undersökte effekten på blodtrycket av ett dagligt intag av pulveriserade frystorkade blåbär. Deltagarna i studierna var män och kvinnor med metabola syndromet. Den sammanlagda evidensstyrkan baseras på de två studier med hög studiekvalitet. Totalt deltog 184 personer i dessa två studier som varade i sex veckor respektive sex månader. Kontrollgruppen fick placebo i båda fallen. Resultatet visade på att det finns måttlig vetenskaplig evidens (+++) för att blåbär inte har en blodtryckssänkande effekt på individer med metabola syndromet. Slutsats: Trots utebliven effekt på blodtrycket i denna systematiska översiktsartikel, bör blåbär fortfarande ingå i rekommendationerna för en vardaglig kost. Bäret bidrar med näring i form av vitaminer och kostfiber. Nyckelord: Blåbär (Vaccinium corymbosum), blodtryck, metabola syndromet. 3 Sahlgrenska Akademin at University of Gothenburg Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Abstract Titel: Is there a blood pressure-lowering effect of blueberries in subjects with the metabolic syndrome? Author: Isabelle Ferm and Johanna Andersson Supervisor: Klara Sjögren Examiner: Anna Winkvist Programme: Programme in dietetics, 180/240 ECTS Type of paper: Bachelor’s thesis in clinical nutrition, 15 hp Date: May 25, 2020 Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a generic term for different risk factors of cardiovascular diseases where among others, high blood pressure is included. The number of individuals with MetS is increasing. To prevent and treat the risk factors for MetS a diet rich in fruit, vegetables and dietary fiber is essential. Blueberries and its high content of antocyanins and dietary fibre are therefore believed to have a blood pressure-lowering effect. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific evidence whether blueberries can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by lowering the blood pressure on individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Search strategy: A systematic literature search was made with two searches in the databases PubMed and Scopus. The terms cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemias, blood pressure, vaccinium myrtillus, bilberry, blueberry, random, blind och RCT, were used. Selections criteria: Inclusion criteria for the studies were randomized control trials that included participants over 18 years with the metabolic syndrome. The studies had to observe the effect of the whole blueberry and not just separate active components i the berry, be written in Swedish or English and include both males and females. Studies made on animals, studies that costed extra to be read and where the control group got an intervention instead of placebo, were excluded. Data collection and analysis: Three studies were reviewed using the SBU:s quality reviewing guide for randomized trials. Two of the studies had high quality and were included in the judgement of GRADE. One study was excluded because of low quality. Results: The studies examined the effect on blood pressure from a daily intake of freeze-dried blueberries. Participants included both males and females with the metabolic syndrome. The total strength of evidence was based on the two studies with high quality. A total of 184 subjects participated in these two studies that lasted for six weeks and six months respectively. The control group recived placebo in both studies. The result of this systematic review showed that there is moderate scientific evidence (+++) that blueberries do not have a blood pressure lowering effect on individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Despite lack of effect on the blood pressure in this systematic review, blueberries should still be recommended as a part of the everyday diet. The berry provides a lot of nutrients with its high content of vitamins and dietary fibre. Keywords: Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), blood pressure, metabolic syndrome.Item Invandrare som social kategori och kategoriseringens konsekvenser för folkhälsan(2007-06-12T11:25:22Z) Andersson, Johanna; Göteborg University/Department of Medicine; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för medicinBakgrund: Invandrarbegreppet skapades av svenska staten på 1960-talet och innefattar de som kommit till Sverige från annat land. Begreppet är kopplat till stereotyper, som innebär en grovt förenklad bild. Segregation handlar om gränser och åtskiljande. Kulturell dominans innebär att en grupp framställs i stereotypa bilder och avskiljs från resten av befolkningen. Associationerna kring begreppet invandrare handlar ofta om problem och om kultur. Kultur används dessutom som förklaring till problemen. Delaktighet och inflytande samt ekonomisk och social trygghet är av stor vikt för folkhälsan. Socialt kapital framhävs som särskilt viktigt, vilket innebär tillit, sociala normer och deltagande i nätverk. Ett arbete är av vikt dels för den egna ekonomin men också för sociala kontakter, status och självkänsla. En social kategori är externt bestämd och innebär alltid maktutövning då det inte finns några objektiva, självklara sätt att kategorisera på. Syfte: Att undersöka om social kategorisering av gruppen invandrare innebär konsekvenser för folkhälsan. Metod: Litteraturstudie. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades; makt, gränsdragningar, exkludering och underordning samt konsekvenser. De som har makten att definiera kategorierna har också makten att skapa normativa värden som är kopplade till kategorierna. Av dessa värden skapas hierarkier. Multikulturalismen hyllar skillnaden men den grundläggande statushierarkin finns kvar. Kategorin invandrarkvinnor är dubbelt underordnade i två maktordningar, kön och etnicitet. Det finns en tendens att skylla på den drabbade som många gånger anses skapa sin egen olycka. Gränsdragningar är centralt för sociala kategorier. Gränsen mellan kategorin invandrare och kategorin svenskar förklaras ibland av begreppet kulturavstånd. Kulturavståndet anses vara längre till dem som inte kommer från väst. Kultur används för att förklara en mängd företeelser och ses aldrig som något positivt när den tillhör de Andra. Exkludering sker på bostadsmarknaden, i det politiska livet och på arbetsmarknaden. Ett sätt att förklara eller motivera exkludering handlar om kompetensbrist. De Andra saknar vissa sociala och kulturella kompetenser för att de inte är svenska och det är därför som de inte klarar sig lika bra. Konsekvenser av kategoriseringen är kollektivisering av en heterogen grupp som omtalas i stereotyper som förminskar alla olikheter. Att omtalas i dessa ofta negativa stereotyper leder till en förändrad självbild, ofta till det sämre. I arbetslivet blir konsekvensen att en person inte anses vara anställningsbar och har därmed svårare att få ett arbete. Många invandrade kvinnor har arbeten långt ner i hierarkin och detta påverkar dem negativt. Personer med utländsk härkomst är underrepresenterade i den svenska politiken. Detta leder till avsaknad av förebilder och på sikt en risk för minskat deltagande. Delaktighet förutsätter en känsla av tillhörighet. Slutsats: Den till synes neutrala kategoriseringen av invandrare medför normativa värden och föreställningar som får följder för dem som inkluderas i kategorin. Dessa följder kan ha negativa konsekvenser för folkhälsan.Item Locked-in collaboration(2016-12-05) Andersson, JohannaCollaboration, employed in defining a problem, finding a solution, and implementing it, has been proposed as a solution to a range of problems framed as wicked or complex. Collaboration can be justified based on instrumental, normative, and value-based reasoning. All approaches start in what collaboration is not: it is not demarcated, silo-based organization, but instead endeavours to achieve comprehensive and holistic perspectives and measures of service delivery. This has resulted in a great deal of research taking a normative and evaluative ap- proach to collaboration. In contrast, this thesis contributes to the growing critical stream of collaboration research. The overall aim of the thesis is to explain how collaboration has come to be a taken-for-granted solution and the possible consequences of this. The material was generated through a study of legally regulated inter- organizational collaboration (referred to by the acronym “FINSAM”) in the Swedish public sector implemented through local coordination associations. The coordination associations implement regulated collaboration between the Swe- dish National Employment Agency, the National Social Insurance Office, county councils, and municipal councils. Each local coordination association has a joint board and a pooled budget, which is to be used to finance measures targeting individuals in need of coordinated rehabilitation. The study was conducted through fieldwork in two local coordination associations, as well as in confer- ences and seminars addressing FINSAM in general. The findings indicate that collaboration in local coordination associations is organized in a project-like way alongside ordinary organizational practice. Two different approaches to organization were identified: the coordination association as either an actor or an arena. Depending on approach the coordination association will be more or less demarcated from ordinary organizational practice. De- marcation is strengthened through the construction of accountability. When local coordination associations are held accountable they are treated as hierarchical organizations with only vertical, but no horizontal, responsibilities. Horizontal practice and outcome are downplayed when accountability is constructed. The findings also indicate that the values attributed to this collaboration, together with its ordering narratives and its impact on legitimacy, create a dynamic result- ing in reduced need and latitude to problematize collaboration, which is taken for granted as the solution. This perceived decreased need for problematizing is connected to the pooled budget and the way the collaboration is understood: as something unique and better suited to handling the identified problems. The conclusion is that collaboration has become locked in within project-like organizations and organizing, and locked in as a solution through the rationalized myth of collaboration. The law governing FINSAM and specially allocated reources in pooled budgets strengthens this lock-in.Item “Man kan aldrig prata för mycket om barnet i centrum” Lekterapeuters uppfattningar om sitt pedagogiska uppdrag och lekens betydelse för att göra barn delaktiga i sin egen vård. - En kvalitativ intervjustudie.(2022) Andersson, Johanna; Johansson, Elin; Jägerskog, EmmaSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lekterapeuten uppfattar sin yrkesroll och sitt arbetssätt gällande barns delaktighet i sin egen vård genom lek. Metoden är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med lekterapeuter på fyra olika lekterapier i västra Sverige. De utförda intervjuerna har bearbetats med utgångspunkt ur en fenomenografisk ansats och presenteras utifrån kategorier vi kunnat sammanställa i vår analysprocess. Resultatet visar på en enad uppfattning om att leken är livsviktig och att lekterapins verksamhet gör skillnad för barn som vistas på sjukhus. Det framkommer att leken används både förberedande och bearbetande. Det pedagogiska uppdraget uppfattas mångsidigt och rymmer flera aspekter som att konsultera andra yrkesgrupper, göra barns röst hörd och skapa en trygg frizon på sjukhus. Även vikten av att inta ett barns perspektiv kontra barnperspektiv då lekterapeuter arbetar med barn lyfts fram.Item Den nödvändiga manligheten: Om maskulinitet som soteriologisk signifikant i den svenska debatten om prästämbete och kön(2019-08-22) Andersson, JohannaThis thesis examines the theological reasons why male gender is perceived as a necessary qualification for the office of priesthood in the Church of Sweden. The issues that are investigated examine the masculine ideal, the concern for a feminization of Christianity, claims for legitimacy and representation, and which discourses were used to reinforce the arguments for an office of priesthood reserved for men. The thesis primarily analyzes minutes from the three church councils that focused on the question of priesthood and gender: in 1938, regarding a special church office intended for women; and in 1957 and 1958, when the office of priesthood was debated. Throughout, the priesthood was described as very masculine, adapted to men, public, competing, and hierarchical. Church of Sweden was also portrayed as too masculine. The notion that the manliness of the Christian priesthood would be questioned and needed remasculinization does not emerge from the debates. The ideals presented as problematic for men outside of a Christian context, such as humility and gentleness, were not criticized during the Church council debates. But indirectly, the frequent occurrence of referrals to military and scientific discourses, which are examined in the fourth and fifth chapters of this thesis, may indicate a problematic masculinity: an unquestioned male clergy would hardly have had to emphasize their affinity with the military and physicists, or so often point out physical differences between men and women.Item Det ordlösa samspelet. En observationsstudie om hur förskolans yngsta barn kommunicerar med varandra i leken.(2011) Andersson, Johanna; Göteborgs Universitet/Sociologiska institutionenSammanfattning Syftet med mitt arbete har varit att undersöka hur förskolans yngsta barn – de som ännu inte har utvecklat ett förståeligt verbalt språk, kommunicerar med varandra i leken. Att leken är viktig för barns utveckling och lärande råder det inom förskolan inga tvivel om. I styrdokumenten för förskolan (Lpfö98) beskrivs leken som en arena där barnen bland annat får möjlighet att bearbeta tidigare erfarenheter, stimulera sin fantasi och kommunikation, samt förmåga att samarbeta med andra. Ett av förskolans viktiga uppdrag blir således att uppmuntra, stödja och utmana barnen i deras lekar. För att göra detta krävs förstås goda kunskaper på området. Mycket av den tidigare forskning som gjorts på barns lek är fokuserad på äldre förskolebarn, och där ges det verbala språket stort utrymme. Lekforskare menar att barnen använder sig av det verbala språket för att förstärka sina lekhandlingar. Mot bakgrund av detta har jag ställt mig frågan: hur kommunicerar de yngsta barnen med varandra i leksituationer? Mitt resultat bygger på en observationsstudie av de yngsta barnens lek. Dessa observationer har genomförts på sju barn på en åldersblandad förskoleavdelning. Samtliga barn som observerats är under tre år. Eftersom undersökningsgruppen är så pass liten är studien inte generaliserbar, utan gjord med syftet att förstå vilka möjligheter yngre barn har att kommunicera med varandra när det verbala språket inte räcker till. Undersökningen går således under kategorin kvalitativ. Jag fann att yngre barn har stora möjligheter att kommunicera med varandra i leken, trots att de inte har utvecklat ett förståeligt verbalt språk. Kommunikationen bland de barn jag studerat utgjordes av ögonkontakt, ansiktsuttryck, känslouttryck, kroppsrörelser, ljud och verbala yttringar. Med hjälp av dessa kroppsliga uttryck lyckades de på ett skickligt sätt förmedla leksignaler till varandra och förhålla sig till lekens sociala regler.Item Out with the Old and in with the New - Consumer Clothing Practices and how they contribute to a Circular Fashion Market(2019-07-03) Sjöberg, Amanda; Andersson, Johanna; University of Gothenburg/Graduate School; Göteborgs universitet/Graduate SchoolA transition to a circular fashion market requires substantial changes in the way consumers purchase, use and dispose of clothes. Nevertheless, the concept has not yet been researched from a consumer perspective. The aim of this study was to close this gap by identifying consumer clothing practices in Sweden, and discuss how these practices can contribute to a circular fashion market. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Swedish consumers, addressing the everyday enactment of clothing practices. The practice theory perspective enabled the study to capture behaviour, rather than intention, in all three phases of the clothes consumption process: purchase, use and disposal. The findings resulted in the identification of five practices relevant to the practical implementation of a circular fashion market and their varying contributions. Two of the practices were divided in to different versions, as they varied in their contribution. Those deemed to contribute were second hand purchasing, doing laundry through alternative methods, mending, and disposing of clothes through selling or donation. Those deemed to not contribute to a circular fashion market were doing laundry in the traditional sense, clearing out and disposing of clothes in the general waste. In conjunction, the findings revealed a partial implementation of the circular economy concept in the Swedish fashion market, which this article argues could lead to increased consumption. The nature of the findings further enabled the identification of problematic practice elements, which culminated in a discussion of how consumer practices can be reconfigured to be more in line with a circular fashion market.Item Sexuell hälsa, ungdomar och unga vuxna - En studie om efterfrågade insatser i det preventiva och hälsofrämjande arbetet med sexuell hälsa i Västra Götalandsregionen(2012-11-16) Östlundh, Sandra; Andersson, Johanna; Göteborg University/Department of Social Work; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för socialt arbeteWe have from three studies examined how adolescents and young adults, actors and the research field describes the preventive and health promotion work with sexual health. The questions we asked ourselves was based on what efforts adolescents and young adults demand, whether there are differences between age, gender, place of residence, ethnicity, employment, and sexual orientation. Furthermore, we investigate if these requirements are consistent with the offered interventions from participants, as well as which perspectives the work with STI / HIV and SRHR issues should be based on. The investigation concerns the work of Västra Götaland and is answered by interviews with participants regarding the activities offered by actors, a quantitative analysis and text analysis of the answers of adolescents and young adults, and an international research overview of the research field. Our results show a high demand for basic preventive work from the adolescents and young adults. Furthermore, there is an increased demand of action from men, LGBTQ group and depending on the place of residence. This is because the actors have a precedence in the definition of sexuality and sexual health. Adolescents and young adults, as well as the informants, requests more focus on SRHR issues, and a common understanding of sexual health and sexuality. The conclusion is that the preventive and health promotion work should be more based on a humanistic and social constructionist perspective. In this way, sexual health could be seen as a right rather than a need.Item Skönhetsfabriker och Läppstiftsfeminister: En studie av unga kvinnors uppfattning om hur de framställer sig själva i det offentliga rummet.(2015-03-12) Andersson, Johanna; University of Gothenburg/School of Global Studies; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för globala studierItem ”They can name us what they want” – A case study from an organizational identity perspective of an integration process in a consultancy company(2012-07-04) Andersson, Johanna; Milve, Linda; University of Gothenburg/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionenIn 2010, two large Nordic companies operating within the IT sector merged and decided to create a brand-new company together. Our study takes place during the spring of 2012, during which time the new company – which in this thesis is called NewCo – was launched internally and externally. The purpose of this case study is to understand the integration process within a consultancy company from an organizational identity perspective. Through interviews and observations, we have performed a qualitative study of how employees in the Gothenburg office experience the ongoing organizational identity work. The Gothenburg office’s primary activities concern IT consultancy, and having a consistent organizational identity is especially important in consultancy companies since it is one of the few ways through which management can control consultants’ behavior. Furthermore, organizational identity issues are likely to present in all mergers, and it can both hinder and/or facilitate the integration processes taking place after a merger. We found that the Gothenburg employees have a strong organizational identity that permeates the local organization. Their organizational identity is based on identification with mainly two things: the Gothenburg office and professionalism. Our findings map out how the organizational identity of both the Gothenburg office and the surrounding organization affect and influence each other. Although integrating merging companies is an ongoing process rather than a goal one ever reaches, we have found the first stage of the integration process to be promising in terms of the possibilities for realizing further unification efforts. However, the employees still identify primarily with the Gothenburg office rather than NewCo.