Browsing by Author "Berenji, Monica"

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    NGOs: Guardians of the law or symbolic assemblies? - A quantitative study comparing the presence of NGOs and environmental policy compliance in the EU
    (2020-04-15) Berenji, Monica; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
    The climate debate is heating up and political leaders are meeting all over the world for discussions regarding the state of our planet. Consequently, numerous of resolutions and treaties have been created by the European Union containing impressive sets of policy promises for the safekeeping of our environment. Less impressive is the actual compliance with these treaties by the same states. This thesis will closer examine Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their contributions to change environmental policy compliance, but also attempt to analyze their availability to influence compliance depending on different types of laws. Utilizing a quantitative method, the analysis shows that NGOs have promising opportunities to hold EU member states accountable for violating against environmental policy by sending complaints to the European Commission. However, this is only true for NGOs in member states who have recently joined the Union. As this thesis demonstrates inner dynamics of NGOs availability to affect environmental policy compliance, it further opens up opportunities for fruitful discussions and future research paths.
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    The environment of conflict. A quantitative analysis of the link between water scarcity, non-state conflict and the quality of government in Africa
    (2021-02-12) Berenji, Monica; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
    Environmental security has been diligently examined in previous research on both subnational and multinational levels and have not found consensus on the contributing factors for why and how environmental conflict occurs. This thesis aims to contribute to this strand of research, more specifically asking if water scarcities effect the number of non- state conflicts in Africa, depending on the quality of governments. The study suggests, that as freshwater resources gradually decreases the number of non-state conflicts increase, however that it is moderated by levels of corruption within governmental institutions. The research question has been examined and answered, utilizing a quantitative regression analysis comparing the change in freshwater resources in African countries, the amount of domestic non-state conflicts and levels of corruption within the time period of 1995-2016. The findings of this study demonstrate that there is no linear correlation between water scarcities and the amount of non-state conflicts in African countries, furthermore levels of corruption do not moderate this. On the other hand, the results have found that where there are water scarcities there is also a greater likelihood of non-state conflicts to occur if the governments of that country suffer high levels of corruption. Finally, this thesis provides a discussion and suggestions for future research on the topic.