Browsing by Author "Boman, Anders"

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151. Occupational skin exposure to chemicals
(Arbets- och miljömedicin, Göteborgs universitet, 2018-04-25) Julander, Anneli; Boman, Anders; Johanson, Gunnar; Lidén, Carola; Arbetsmiljöverket
Hudexponering för kemikalier kan ske genom kontakt med luft, fasta material, vätskor, kontaminerade ytor eller genom avsiktlig applicering. Hudexponering kan orsaka upptag genom huden, hudsensibilisering och hudirritation, i synnerhet vid upprepad eller långvarig exponering. Upp till 30% av yrkessjukdomarna i Europa utgörs av hudsjukdomar. De viktigaste yttre riskfaktorerna är exponering för hudsensibiliserande ämnen (kontaktallergen), hudirriterande ämnen och våtarbete. Hudexponering för kemikalier kan också orsaka systemeffekter och hudcancer. Hudexponering för hudsensibiliserande ämnen kan inducera kontaktallergi och upprepad exponering kan hos en redan sensibiliserad person orsaka allergiskt kontakteksem, den kliniska sjukdomen. Kontaktallergi är en annan form av allergi än den vid IgE-medierad astma och rinit. De ämnen som oftast orsakar kontaktallergi är metaller, konserveringsmedel, plast- och gummikemikalier, parfymämnen och hårfärgämnen. Gränsvärden för luftburen exponering i arbetsmiljön är inte relevanta eller tillräckliga för att skydda mot negativa hälsoeffekter av hudexponering. Det finns flera möjligheter att genom lagstiftning begränsa hudexponeringen för farliga ämnen i arbetsmiljön, till exempel biologiska gränsvärden, varning/notering för hudupptag och sensibilisering, och begränsningar av yrkesmässig användning av kemikalier. Det finns nu kvantitativa och semikvantitativa metoder för att mäta hudexponeringen för metaller och vissa hårfärgämnen, akrylater, epoxiharts och bekämpningsmedel. Sambandet mellan huddos och den dos som orsakar eksem vid kontaktallergi har fastställts för ett antal metaller, konserveringsmedel och parfymämnen. Sådan kunskap kan stödja arbetet med att ta fram gränsvärden för hudexponering i arbetsmiljön. Kontroll och tillsyn på arbetsplatser skulle kunna baseras på olika mått, bland annat genom att mäta hudexponering, frisättning av metaller från ytor och koncentrationen i produkter som kommer i kontakt med huden.
Does Migration Pay? Earnings effects from geographic mobility following job displacement
(2007-03-06T15:02:28Z) Boman, Anders
Displaced workers are followed for ten years in order to analyse the earnings effects from internal migration. We utilise a large dataset containing all workers in Sweden who were displaced during 1987 or 1988. Effects from migration are investigated controlling for human capital, family, and labour market characteristics. Internal migration has positive earnings effects for men, while the consequences for women are in general negative or non-existent. Positive effects for immigrant men occur several years after migration, implying that long term effects are important to migrants and showing the importance of using a long observation period in migration studies.
Geographic Labour Mobility - Causes and Consequences
(2008-12-15T15:15:21Z) Boman, Anders
Internal Migration of Natives and Immigrants Following Job Displacement
(2006) Boman, Anders; Department of Economics
In this paper discrete-time duration analysis is used to identify differences in the internal migration of immigrants and natives following job displacement. Human capital theory presents us with two hypotheses. One is based on immigrants having less location specific human capital, reducing the costs of migration and increasing the probability of migration. The other is based on ethnicity, immigrants living in ethnic enclaves will have higher costs to migration out of the enclave, due to the possibility of using country specific human capital within the enclave, reducing the probability of migration. The study is based on all displacements due to plant closure or major cutbacks in Swedish on-going establishments in 1987 and 1988. We follow residence up to 10 years after displacement and control for a wide range of human capital and family variables, as well as for labour market status and previous migratory behaviour. Findings support both of the hypotheses; settlement in enclaves does reduce geographical mobility for non-Nordic foreign born and foreign born are more mobile than native Swedes when enclaves and an extra effect on immigrants from living in a city have been controlled for.
Spending time together? Effects on the retirement decision from partner’s labour market status
(2015-03) Boman, Anders; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg
In this paper we study retirement decisions and more specifically, the influence of a partner’s labour market status on this decision. We use information from three waves of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), providing information on a wide range of variables, including economic, social, as well as health variables not only of the respondent but also of the partner of the respondent, if any. Most importantly, we are able analyse the transition into retirement rather than the state of being retired and also to distinguish between different degrees of labour market attachment of the partner. Initially, we find that having a partner who is retired or a homemaker increases the likelihood of retirement, whereas an unemployed partner or a partner who is not working due to permanent sickness or disability has no statistically significant effect. However, dividing the sample into men and women, we find that the effects differ substantially between these two groups. The probability of retirement among men is not influenced by their partner’s labour market status, and among women we only find a statistically significant effect of having a partner who is retired. Our findings are robust to variations in the definition of retirement and subsamples.
They seek it here, they seek it there, they seek it everywhere. But where is employment found?
(2008-12-16T10:22:19Z) Boman, Anders
This paper uses a unique possibility to link unemployed individuals’ stated willingness to move with administrative data, giving us the possibility to analyse the effects of mobility on labour market outcome. Furthermore, we can do this not only for those who actually move, but also for non-movers. I find that those who extend their search area in job search geographically do have a higher probability of escaping unemployment. However, this positive effect is not only present for jobs outside the local labour market, as would be expected, but the greatest effect is found on the local labour market. This indicates positive selection; i.e. it is not so much the increased geographic scope per se that increases the likelihood of escaping unemployment, but mainly differences in unobservable characteristics between those who choose to use a larger search area and those who do not.