Browsing by Author "Constantinou, Lukas"

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    Electrification and Children’s Education: A Cross-Country Analysis
    (2018-07-02) Bertilsson, Karl; Constantinou, Lukas; University of Gothenburg/Graduate School; Göteborgs universitet/Graduate School
    Access to electricity is undoubtedly an essential part of economic and social development in the developing world. For children, electrification can improve education as it enables studies after nightfall and it can help alleviate the burden of household chores. This study adds to the existing literature by using a cross-country approach as well as including test scores to examine the relationship between electrification and educational outcomes, in order to help clarify whether the results found in previous studies are local phenomenon or if they hold at a larger scale. Using OLS fixed-effects regressions based on panel data from the Young Lives survey between 2002 and 2013, focusing on Ethiopia and Peru, we find positive relationships between access to electricity and test scores, school enrollment and time spent in school, while we could not find any statistically significant differences between girls’ and boys’ outcomes. However, our results suggest that mere access to electricity is not enough to raise children’s educational attainment, but that electrification must be combined with other efforts that aim to increase the quality of the education the children receive in school.
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    The European Union & Suthern African Development Community Economic Partnershiop Agreements Impact on the Namibian Exports
    (2016-07-04) Constantinou, Lukas; Stockman, Jesper; University of Gothenburg/Department of Economics; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för nationalekonomi med statistik
    The amount of research that has been done on the effects of free trade is extensive to say the least. Even though free trade creates winners and losers, there has almost been a unanimity among economists that free trade leads to a large net gain for the society which is in the best interest of all countries in the world. This thesis investigates the effects of free trade agreements on exports by a case study on Namibia’s exports to the EU market. We use the duty-free and quota-free access that Namibia obtained to the EU market in 2008 to study if the absence of trade barriers leads to increased trade. This is done by examining the quantity exported from Namibia to the EU during 1999-2015 with an OLS fixed-effects model and a Difference in Differences approach. The results obtained from our two different models indicates that the duty- and quota-free access led to increased exports. However, our empirical methods did not produce enough significant estimates to make a reliable or convincing assessment of the duty-free and quota-free market access.