Browsing by Author "Hugosson, Klara"

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Air quality, indoor and outdoor. A study of connections between indoor and outdoor concentrations: NO2, CO2, PM10 and PM2.5
(2020-06-29) Hugosson, Klara; Maesel, Erik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Earth Sciences; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för geovetenskaper
Air pollution is a hazard to human health and especially vulnerable are those who live in urban areas. Urban areas are undergoing fast driven urbanization which often results in increased air pollution. Since different types of air pollutions have various impact on human health, the knowledge of how these air pollutants behave is important in the context of reducing air pollutant and aiming toward a sustained environment with clean air. Today, focus is often on outdoor air quality, we will with this study highlight the importance of studying indoor environment since it is showed that people in general spend 90 % of their time indoors. This study investigates how the indoor air quality is affected by outdoor concentrations of air pollutant. Further we will examine the variability of outdoor air quality depending on prevailing meteorological factors such as air pressure, air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and wind speed. The study is based on measurements taken at Mölndal municipality building and complemented with measurement data of pollutants and meteorology from monitoring stations in the Gothenburg and Onsala area. Result showed that outdoor NO2 and PM10 concentrations at Mölndal municipally building is mainly an effect of urban sources while PM2.5 originates from both the regional background and urban sources. The indoor PM and CO2 concentrations increase with occupancy in the building which can be seen when looking at differences between weekdays/weekends and day/night concentrations. Further, when studying the indoor/outdoor (I/O) CO2 ratio the connection to activity in the building seems clear. Both NO2 and PM seems to be dependent on the activity of ventilation, during times with indoor ventilation the outdoor concentrations of the compounds is mirrored in the indoor environment but with a lag time. NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 could not be highly correlated between indoor and outdoor environment, the absence of correlation is rather a result by lag times than a lack of connection to each other. Indoor PM is shown to be dependent on both occupancy and ventilation, but to which degree ventilation and occupancy affects indoor PM is hard to determine. Inversions where found to be the main influencer on outdoor monthly mean values while outdoor concentrations of CO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 generated no clear connection to the prevailing meteorology. The reason could be the dependency of interaction between meteorological parameters or because a lag time might be present. Further investigating in the topic is needed to be able to bring out indoor air quality regulations to promote healthy indoor environment. Also, to understand the outdoor variations in air pollution concentrations to a greater extent.
Anorexia nervosa - sett ur ett familjeperspektiv
(2014-01-21) Claesson, Sara; Hugosson, Klara; University of Gothenburg/Institute of Health and Care Sciences; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsa
Bakgrund: Anorexia nervosa är en ätstörning som karakteriseras av låg vikt, stört ätbeteende och förvrängd kroppsuppfattning. Sjukdomen drabbar i nio av tio fall flickor och debuterar vanligtvis i åldern 14 till 19 år. Hela familjen påverkas av sjukdomen då vanliga rutiner rubbas och fokus läggs på det sjuka barnet. Det är sjuksköterskans skyldighet att göra familjen delaktig i vården och även ta hänsyn till deras hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa vilket stöd som en familj till ett barn med diagnosen anorexia nervosa behöver och hur sjuksköterskan kan underlätta för familjen att bli delaktig i vården. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt som består av 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Av dessa är tio kvalitativa, en kvantitativ och två som använt sig av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. Resultat: De teman som framkom i resultatet var: upplevelse av utsatthet, strategier för att hantera familjesituationen, familjens behov av stöd och sjuksköterskans bemötande. Föräldrar och syskon till barn med anorexia nervosa upplevde starka känslor och de efterfrågade hjälp med att hantera dem. Föräldrar upplevde också att vårdpersonalen inte såg deras behov och att de bemöttes utefter stereotypa bilder. Både föräldrar och syskon hade behov av information för att kunna förstå och hantera sjukdomen. I detta arbete framkom även att sjuksköterskans bemötande var betydelsefullt för familjemedlemmarnas välbefinnande och vilja till att vara delaktiga. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan ser och är medveten om vilken påverkan anorexia nervosa har på hela familjen samt har en förståelse för hur familjen vill bli bemött. Genom att låta föräldrar och syskon få information och bli delaktiga främjas inte bara deras hälsa utan också det sjuka barnets hälsa. Det är därför betydelsefullt att sjuksköterskan ser familjen som en resurs och en viktig del i behandlingen.
Evaluation of the variation in albedo over snow-covered forest in Northern Sweden and Finland
(2022-05-20) Hugosson, Klara; University of Gothenburg/Department of Earth Sciences; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för geovetenskaper
The effect of albedo variability induced by meteorological parameters in snow-covered forested areas at local scale is poorly known. Few meteorological stations measure albedo, even though the effect on albedo caused by land use changes is well known. The boreal forest is mainly comprised of coniferous tree species and represents the largest terrestrial biome which is characterised by long winters with seasonal snow cover. Since boreal forests alter the albedo through snow interception by the canopy, they are subjects of this investigation. This study evaluates the induced effect of meteorological variations and forest metric variations on albedo fluctuations at three different forested sites in the boreal zone during winter season. All study sites belong to the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network where meteorological variables are measured from towers on the three individual study sites named Svarberget (SE-Svb), Norunda (SE-Nor) and Hyytiälä (FI-Hyy). SE-Svb and SE-Nor is located in the boreal forest of Sweden while FI-Hyy is located in the boreal forest of Finland. The influences of several meteorological parameters were investigated by use of correlation analysis first and then regression analysis. Forest metrics were derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and further related to mean albedo. The influence of temperature on albedo was seen at every study site investigated in this study. When the temperature is below freezing and the albedo is initially high (0.3), a decrease in albedo to a value of around 0.1 is observed when the temperature increases to above freezing. This relation is ascribed to the temperature influence of snow properties and snow appearance which further is connected to albedo. Apart from this, precipitation was related to albedo but the strength of the relationship was difficult to interpret since the correlation analysis demonstrated both a positive and negative connection to albedo. This could possibly derive from the form of the precipitation, snow or rain, and further be temperature dependent. However, snow depth and increased snow amount were parameters that induced an increase in albedo, although the relationship was not that prominent (varied between insignificant up to correlation coefficient of 0.51 in the correlation analysis). The use of forest structural metrics, canopy density, tree height and Canopy Relief Ratio (CRR), did not show any clear relationship to mean albedo. However, the variable model output from the regression analysis highlights that there is a need for site-specific investigation to better understand local albedo variability in snow-covered forested areas.