Browsing by Author "Jaballah, Sandra"

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    Life skills education: Reducing sexual risk behaviour among young women in South Africa? Analysing the effect of life skills education on life skills knowledge, sexual risk behaviour and HIV prevalence
    (2020-06-29) Jaballah, Sandra; Wallin, Anna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Economics; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för nationalekonomi med statistik
    South Africa is considered to be the epicentre of the HIV pandemic and its women are disproportionally affected by the disease. A key strategy to prevent and mitigate the spread of HIV infection is the implementation of life skills education in all primary and secondary schools. The purpose is to increase the knowledge and skills on sexual and reproductive health by providing education, care and support among young people. This thesis analyses the long-term impact of being exposed to two consecutive life skills education programs, implemented in South Africa between 2000 and 2011, on the level of life skills knowledge, level of sexual risk behaviour and HIV prevalence among young women. The main hypothesis tests whether exposure to the life skills programs decreases the level of sexual risk behaviour through increased level of life skills knowledge. Subsequently, also decreasing HIV prevalence. The method used is the difference-in-difference, which estimates the effect of the programs across cohorts based on the year of birth and initial level of life skills knowledge across municipalities. The effect of the programs is compared between individuals with little or full exposure to the programs and individuals with no exposure. The findings suggest that the life skills education programs did not have statistically significant effect on the level of life skills knowledge, level of sexual risk behaviour or HIV prevalence. Thus, concluding that the programs have not yielded the desired and anticipated outcomes as specified in this research.
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    WOMEN & DEMOCRACY IN THE ARAB WORLD A Field Study on Women’s Political Participation in Post-revolution Egypt
    (2019-09-16) Jaballah, Sandra; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
    Among the countries involved in the 2011 Arab revolution, Egypt and Tunisia are considered to have developed the most. However, Tunisia is the only country recognised as having undergone a successful democratic transition, whilst the transition in Egypt has been unstable and not as prosperous. This study aims to increase the understanding of the impact women can have on post-Arab revolution countries’ transition to democracy, by analysing the challenges and opportunities for women’s political participation through the lenses of the UN Security Council’s agenda on Women, Peace and Security, in mainly Egypt. To receive a comprehensive understanding of the issue, a case study is presented, where Egypt constitutes the main case of interest, and Tunisia a comparative background case. In order to reach the objective, a two months field study to Egypt was undertaken, where interviews with relevant actors were conducted. To deepen the analysis further, this paper also includes policy documents, a note written by the Egyptian Ambassador Moushira Khattab on UNSCR 1325 and the National Strategy for the Empowerment of Egyptian Women 2030. It concludes by providing policy recommendations and by arguing that Egyptian women can bring about positive change for the country, if there is a wider and dedicated commitment to increase the respect for women’s rights and participation on all levels of decision-making.