Browsing by Author "Joas, Erik"

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Attityder till arbetslösa -en studie av bakomliggande faktorer
(2008-02-21T09:42:22Z) Joas, Erik; Göteborg University/Department of Sociology
Syfte och frågeställningar: Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka bakomliggande faktorer det finns för attityder till arbetslösa och hur dessa har förändrats under perioden 1986-2002. Utgångspunkten är att undersöka vilken inverkan politiska sympatier, erfarenhet/kontakt med arbetslöshet och reell arbetslöshet har på attityderna till arbetslösa. Den huvudsakliga frågeställningen är vilka samband man kan se mellan dessa tre variabler och attityder till arbetslöshet. Metod och material: Studien bygger på statistiska analyser av studierna Åsikter om den offentliga sektorn 1986 samt Åsikter om den offentliga sektorn och skatterna 1992, 1997 och 2002. Logistisk regression har varit den statistiska metoden som använts för analysen. Huvudresultat: Resultaten visar att erfarenhet och kontakt med arbetslöshet till viss del har samband med attityder till arbetslösa. Den viktigaste faktorn bakom attityderna är dock politiska sympatier. Respondenter med borgerliga partisympatier instämmer i mycket högre grad till att arbetslösa skulle vara arbetsovilliga i jämförelse med respondenter ur vänsterblocket och respondenter utan partipolitiska sympatier. Under tidperioden som studerats har negativa attityder till arbetslösa gått ned när arbetslösheten varit hög. Innehållsförteckning 1. Inledning, syfte och problemformulerin
Treatments and outcomes in bipolar disorder
(2020-11-02) Joas, Erik
Bipolar disorder is defined by recurring mood episodes and patients have a markedly increased risk of suicide. Pharmacological and psychological treatments for bipolar disorder have proven efficacy in clinical trials yet the generalizability of current evidence to routine clinical practice is contested. This thesis presents studies on treatments and outcomes relevant to bipolar disorder patients using data from national registers. In study I, II, IV, we studied the effectiveness of different treatments using within-individual study designs to reduce the impact of confounding-by-indication. In study I, we showed that commonly used drugs, such as lithium, several anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics, were associated with a reduced risk of psychiatric hospital admissions. The association between treatment and hospital admission was stronger for lithium compared to the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine. This differs from previous clinical trial evidence. In study II, we showed that lithium, but not valproate, was associated with a lower risk of suicide-related behaviour. In study III, we studied risk factors for completed suicide in the Swedish National Quality Register for Bipolar Disorder (BipoläR). We identified several risk factors for suicide, e.g., recent affective episodes and psychiatric comorbidity. In study IV, psychoeducation was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence and hospital admission in BipoläR. Finally, in study V, we studied the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on antidepressant treatment patterns as well as the risk for treatment emergent mania using a large sample of patients with bipolar disorder. The mainly negative results suggest that information on CYP2C19 genotype has limited clinical value. These studies showcase the possibility of conducting psychiatric treatment research in national registers to fill important knowledge gaps. The studies can be used as supporting evidence when there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of different treatments in routine clinical care. We also underline the unique position of lithium in bipolar disorder treatment and extend current knowledge on risk factors for suicide.
Trends in social relations among 70-year olds
(2010-07-02) Joas, Erik; Göteborg University/ Department of Sociology; Göteborgs universitet/ Sociologiska institutionen
In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the changing face of ageing. The young-old and the third age has been proposed as new conceptual definitions of healthy post-working and late-life. The objective of this thesis is to analyze changes regarding social relations that can be related to this restructuration of the life-course. Data on social relations from two cohorts from Gothenburg, Sweden, one born in 1901-2 (N=1007) and the other in 1930 (N=486), both examined at age 70 were analyzed. The analyses used latent class analysis to deduct typologies of social relations divided into two spectrums of social relations, frequency and contentment. These typologies associations with covariates; including among others education, five year mortality and relationship status, were then analyzed with binary and multinomial logistic regression. Changes were observed. Primarily these changes were related to a rise in organizational activity, lower levels of social isolation and higher frequencies of mild discontentment with social relations. The typologies of social relations were also structured differently across cohorts. Several obstacles comparing the two cohorts were encountered. Rising expectation on this part of the life-course that is not synchronized with changes in frequency of social relations is proposed as a theoretical explanation for the changes in contentment.