Browsing by Author "Johansson, Erik"

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Because you know I’m all about that base! En litteraturstudie om talsystem och talbaser
(2017) Võ, Công; Johansson, Erik; Institutionen för matematiska vetenskaper
Svenska: Denna litteraturstudies syfte är att undersöka talsystem, positionssystem och olika talbaser ur ett matematiskt, matematikhistoriskt och didaktiskt perspektiv. Målet är att få fördjupade kunskaper kring relevansen av talsystem och talbaser, samt dess betydelse för svensk matematikundervisning. Studien definierar de tre kategorier vilka talsystem brukar delas upp i för att därefter presentera hur kategorierna använts och utvecklats genom historien. Vidare berättas hur talsystemet och talbasen slutligen skulle nå till Sverige. Därefter görs en jämförelse i hur svenska styrdokuments mål kring talsystem och talbaser har utvecklats. Studien kopplar också de matematiska kunskaperna till aktuella styrdokument i svensk grundskola och gymnasium. En analys görs av populära läromedel för att ge perspektiv kring hur talsystem och talbaser undervisas idag. Avslutningsvis redovisas elevers svårigheter och konsekvenser av svårigheterna, tillsammans med förslag för att underlätta undervisningen. Engelska: This literature study aims to review numerical systems, the positional system and radices from the mathematical, historical and didactic perspectives. The goal is to gain further knowledge of the significance of different numerical systems and mathematics education, especially in Sweden. The study first shows the definitions and three categories in which numerical systems are classified based on their number-creating operations. The development of different numerical systems is then summarized with respect to the regional and historical perspective. In the next part, the Swedish mathematics education, in relation to the positional system and radices, is particularly presented. In order to how Swedish students are taught and have been learning the topic, the study provides a shorter analysis with a closer look on the Swedish curriculum and common teaching materials that are used by primary and secondary schools. Last but not least, probable students’difficulties regar
Ekonomiska konsekvenser för bostadsområden vid skapandet av nöjda hyresgäster - en studie över Opalområdet och Grevegården
(2004) Johansson, Erik; Johansson, Louice; Göteborg University/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
Inledning och problem: För fastighetsbolagen gäller det att skapa ett attraktivt boende som uppfyller de krav som hyresgäster har. Individen ställer inte bara krav på lägenhetens storlek och skick utan också faktorer så som trygghet och säkerhet. Hyresvärden ska skapa samspel och balans mellan boende och individ, för att få en bra bas i sin verksamhet. Boendet skapar ett värde för ägaren som hyresgästen i sin tur är beredd att betala för. Pengar som genereras ifrån boendet kan återinvesteras i boendet eller den boende för att öka attraktionskraften. Denna måste hålla sig ajour med vad som händer i samhället och vad hyresgäster efterfrågar. Huvudproblemställningen för denna studie är: Vilka ekonomiska konsekvenser får bearbetning av attraktionen mellan individ och boende inom kommunala fastighetsbolag? Syfte: Uppsatsen beskriver och analyserar sambandet mellan individen, bostaden och pengarna samt vilka ekonomiska konsekvenser det får. Syftet är också att öka vår kunskap och förståelse av sambandet. Metod: Uppsatsen är baserad på primär och sekundärdata. Den primära informationen samlades in genom intervjuer med personer som arbetar på de två områdena Grevegården och Opalområdet, samt genom egna iakttagelser, bland annat när trygghetsvandringen gjordes. Resultat och slutsatser: För att hyresvärden skall få ut så mycket som möjligt av sina bostäder gäller det att hitta en balans mellan bostäderna och individen. En obalans har idag ingen större betydelse, däremot kan en obalans få konsekvenser i en lågkonjunktur. Om hyresvärden har misskött sina bostäder kan en obalans mellan individ och bostad finnas och individen väljer att söka efter en bostad hos en annan hyresvärd som uppfyller de krav som denna har på bostaden. I Opalområdet råder det en relativ god balans mellan individ och bostad. I lågkonjunktur kommer dock området blir mer känslig för obalans. Trygghet i Opalområdet bör dock studeras närmare. På Grevegården bör dock vissa åtgärder göras för att förbättra balansen mellan boende och individ då hyresgästerna anser att hyran är för hög jämfört med hur de värdesätter sitt boende. I en lågkonjunktur kommer Grevegården att drabbas mer än Opalområdet. Familjebostäder bör även skapa bra kontakter med myndigheter, organisationer och föreningar som påverkar området. Fortsatt forskning: Vid studiens genomförande väcktes intresse för hur resultatet av denna studie skulle se ut om den genomfördes i en kommun där många lägenheter står tomma. Det skulle då vara av intresse att jämföra hur olika fastighetsbolag arbetar på att attrahera hyresgäster och vilket ekonomiskt resultat dessa åtgärder får.
Environmental Reporting -An examination of the gap between public and private owned companies
(2015-02-03) Karlsson, Niklas; Johansson, Erik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
Background and problem discussion: Companies’ accounting has expanded to contain more than only financial information, including also sustainability, such as environmental and social issues. Environmental reporting increased rapidly after its origin and several guidelines about how to report these issues were established. However, research of some of the largest private owned companies in Sweden showed that their sustainability reporting was not at the level required by public owned companies. Therefore it would, from a government perspective, be interesting to examine if this gap between public and private companies’ environmental reporting still exist. Purpose of the Study: This study aims to examine how the gap in sustainability reporting has developed between public owned and private owned companies during the last years. Annual and sustainability reports of selected companies, both public owned and private owned, will be examined and compared. Method: Since a deep understanding was desirable, was a detailed examination essential. Only the environmental part of the sustainability area were chosen to be included in the study’s examination. Further was a selection of three public owned companies and three private owned chosen to be examined. The data used in this thesis is collected from the companies’ annual and sustainability reports. The model described by Ljungdahl (1999) was seen appropriate and therefore chosen to compare and analyse the selected companies. Empirical findings and analysis: The empirical findings show that the companies report most of the indicators in Ljungdahl’s model. The most frequently reported indicators are those concerning environmental targets and environmental impact. The companies’ reported information are similar, something that can be explained by stakeholder theory and the fact that all companies are in industries with large environmental impact. Conclusion: In this essay, it has not been found any significant differences between public owned and private owned companies’ environmental reporting. The conclusion of this thesis cannot be generalized in all cases though just a selection of companies is included.
EXAMENSARBETE I ARABISKA: POLITENESS AND PERCEPTION The competence of Lebanese Arabic heritage speakers in the Swedish diaspora
(2025-07-03) Johansson, Erik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturer
Using an elicitation-based quantitative approach, the competence and self-perception were studied among five Swedish Lebanese heritage speakers when using Lebanese Arabic politeness formu las. The informants were given the task, during structured study segments, to provide perceived appropriate formulas to twenty different politeness exchange situations and to give subsequent self ratings on their own certainty about the appropriateness of each one. Their answers were rated by two native Lebanese reference speakers so that a discrepancy value between self-perception and reference ratings could be established. Using Wilcoxon signed ranks tests to secure significancy, it was shown that there were no significant differences between three of the informants and the references while the remaining two rated themselves higher than the references, suggesting an overall variation in the perception of appropriateness. The reasons to the significant differences were not determined but possible explanations include cognitive transfer effects from the dominant language, interpretation errors of the politeness situation, lack of exposure to Arabic as well as the use of French phrases with vague awareness of illocutionary force. The study underscores the im portance of including the pragmatic domain in heritage language instruction as an expression of cultural belonging
FÖRBÄTTRAD JÄMFÖRBARHET MELLAN FÖRETAGS HÅLLBARHETSRAPPORTER? En effektstudie av direktivet 2014/95/EU på större svenska företag inom gruvindustrin och telekommunikationsbranschen
(2021-03-03) Johansson, Erik; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
The interest in non-financial reporting and environmental impact has increased among stakeholders. As an intervention, the EU Directive 2014/95/EU, also known as the nonfinancial reporting directive, was implemented in 2017. By regulating disclosure of nonfinancial information for bigger companies located in the EU, the Directive represents an important step towards standardized reporting. One of the main goals with the Directive was to improve the comparability between non-financial reports. However, the Directive has been criticized regarding its non-transparency of how it allows companies to report their nonfinancial information through different frameworks, which for stakeholders means comparing difficulties between companies non-financial reports. Hence, this Bachelor thesis aims to answer the question: How has the comparability between companies non-financial reports changed since the implementation of the Directive 2014/95/EU? In order to answer the question, non-financial reports from Swedish companies belonging to two different industries have been collected. The result indicates that the differences of the comparability between the companies non-financial information differs depending on the industry, which is the main contribution of this studie.
Husstockens påverkan på köpeskillingen - Småhusstockens effekt på den genomsnittliga köpeskillingen i svenska kommuner
(2021-07-02) Johansson, Erik; Lindvall, Markus; University of Gothenburg/Department of Economics; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för nationalekonomi med statistik
Nominal house prices in Sweden have more than doubled, on average, over the last two decades. However, the housing market is fragmented, and the price increase varies from a modest 22 % to a sizable 443 %, depending on the municipality. Earlier studies have found that increased disposable income, housing density, interest rates, and unemployment rates explain large parts of the total rise in prices, though few of them take local differences into account. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent the owner-occupied house stock affects average house prices in Swedish municipalities, as well as if and how much this effect varies with the size of the population aged 25 – 64 on a municipal level. The study utilizes a balanced panel data set consisting of Sweden’s 290 local municipalities, from year 2000 – 2019. Fixed effects models show that an increased supply of houses by 1 % decreases the average house prices by approximately 0,19 %, ceteris paribus. This effect is sensitive to the number of residents aged 25 – 64 and remains present when the analysis is performed on the 50 smallest municipalities regarding population size in this interval. However, the relationship observed from the results was not expected and more studies which investigate this effect are needed.
Is ESG Investing The Future? A Comparison Of Old And New Investment Strategies
(2023-07-03) Carlryd, Tobias; Johansson, Erik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Economics; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för nationalekonomi med statistik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
This thesis researches whether investing in stocks with high ESG-scores is a viable investment strategy compared to investing in stocks with low PE-ratios. This has been done through first testing the relationship between annual returns and ESG-scores and PE-ratios respectively. After this, portfolios based on low and high ESG-scores and PE-ratios respectively, have been formed to compare the excess returns and the risk adjusted returns between the portfolios. The data used in these tests consist of 1957 firms that have been publicly traded on any US exchange for at least one year between 2010 and 2022. The results show that positive relationships with annual returns exist for both ESG-scores and PE-ratios. Further, although no differences in excess returns could be found between the portfolios, the high ESG portfolio is shown to be less risky in comparison thus providing higher risk adjusted returns.
Konsensus i svensk politik. En jämförande analys mellan moderaternas och socialdemokraternas syn på offentlig befogenhet
(2009-06-04T09:05:07Z) Johansson, Erik; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
Management of Obsolete Products A case study of a Swedish wholesaler focusing on product disposition alternatives
(2016-07-04) Benjaminsson, Joacim; Johansson, Erik; University of Gothenburg/Graduate School; Göteborgs universitet/Graduate School
Product life cycles have been getting shorter as a result of technological developments and increased customer expectations. A consequence of this is that subsequent product introductions overlap in time, which often times renders the previous version obsolete. Furthermore, this leads to total or partial loss of the value of the particular product, and therefore it is crucial for business to efficiently manage their product obsolescence process. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how product obsolescence occurs and how it can be handled at a Swedish Electronics and HWS wholesaler. This is achieved by conducting a case study at Solar Sweden AB. The research approach for this thesis is qualitative and empirical results are primarily gathered through interviews and observations. The thesis highlights the challenges in the product obsolescence process, and specifically focuses on how different disposition alternatives should be utilized. The findings show that the process is complex which is determined by a large number of factors, both internally and externally. This requires a process that involves several departments within the firm, which in turn leads to a slow-moving process with many decision levels. To solve this issue, the authors provide a general framework with regards to the different possible disposition alternatives.
Skapar momentuminvestering överavkastning? En studie gjord på den indiska och australiska marknaden.
(2008-12-05T08:00:17Z) Johansson, Erik; Höglund, Victor; Ekman Sinclair, Kristofer; Göteborg University/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
Title Does Momentuminvesting create abnormal profits? A study made on the Indian and the Australian stock market. Authors Erik Johansson Kristofer Ekman Sinclair Victor Höglund Supervisor Ted Lindblom, Economic doctor at the department of Industrial and Financial Management at the University of Economics and Law in Gothenburg Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate if momentuminvesting creates abnormal profits on the Indian and Australian stock markets. The study will also provide useful material for the debate regarding efficient markets. If the paper finds momentuminvesting successful, it will provide strong evidence of market inefficiency. The secondary purpose is to examine factors that drive or explain different results on markets in different stages. Methodology The momentum strategy can be applied on a short position in observed losers, a long position in observed winners or a combination of the two. The study will be based on portfolios containing stock that have been analyzed from one year back in time and then held for a period of three months. Overlapping portfolios will then be created every third months. This procedure is made on both the Indian and Australian market. Altogether the paper will contain and analyze the result of 57 different portfolios. Conclusions The paper concludes that momentuminvesting is an effective method to use in order to gain abnormal returns. It is especially profitable when applied on newly developed stock markets due to the greater volatility and market inefficiency. The effects can however be identified on developed markets as well but the momentum is profited from by far more investors creating smaller results for each investor. The effect is generally also best when portfolios consist of only winners. The results also show that risk increases if portfolios only consist of losers.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT IN L2 LEARNER LANGUAGE A study of compulsory school English in a Swedish context
(2018-10-18) Johansson, Erik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturer
Abstract: learners of English produce subject-verb agreement errors in written productions. The study uses Error Analysis in order to collect, identify, describe, and finally, explain the occuring errors. The data consists of75textswritten by students in grades 7 and 8 in a Swedish compulsory school and a total of 140subject-verb agreement errorswerefound.Theresultsshowthatformalgrammaticalagreementerrorswitha plural count noun as the subject are the most common. It also shows that subject-verb agreement errors when the subject is a nounornounphrasearemorecommonthanerrorswith other subjects and that the most common verb associated with agreement errors is to be. The difference in the number of errors made by male and female students is shown to be greater than the difference between the grades. Cross-linguistic influence, e.g. transfer from L1 toL2, is shown to be one of the main reasons behind the agreement errors. Another reason is the inherent difficulty of subject-verb agreement in English. The essay includes a discussion of what the pedagogical implications of studying errors in learner language might be.
Symboliska tillgångar i antipluggkulturen - en fallstudie av unga mäns skolprestationer på ett mansdominerat praktiskt gymnasieprogram.
(2015-12-08) Johansson, Erik; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
Unga mäns underprestation i skolan är ett väl beforskat område. Mest framträdande i denna forskning är (åtminstone i en svensk kontext) teorier om en maskulin antipluggkultur. Vidare bidrar teorier om kulturellt kapital med förklaringar till underprestation i allmänhet. Denna undersökning har till syfte att undersöka hur dessa två teoribildningar kan korsbefrukta varandra i tolkningen av de kausala mekanismer som bidrar till att unga män med relativt lågt kulturellt kapital tenderar att underprestera. Genom en kvalitativ livsvärldsstudie av en grupp etniskt svenska unga män på ett mansdominerat praktiskt program söker denna undersökning efter svar på hur denna specifika grupp upplever sin situation. Undersökningen har alltså inga generaliserande ambitioner, utan syftar till att belysa frågeställningen ur ett förstapersonsperspektiv hämtat ur fenomenologisk tradition. Undersökningens resultat visar att de mekanismer som är avgörande för gruppens prestation är komplexa och intimt sammanlänkade. De elever som innehar ett relativt lågt kulturellt kapital tenderar att förhålla sig till antipluggkulturen på ett mindre konstruktivt sätt än de elever som innehar ett relativt högt kulturellt kapital.
TGF-beta signaling in cancer
(2010-11-19) Johansson, Erik
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta) is a cytokine regulating a wide range of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. At the early stages of cancer development TGF-beta functions as a tumor suppressor, mainly due to its inhibitory effect on cellular growth, but during cancer progression, mutations in TGF-beta signal components switches TGF-beta into a promoter of cancer cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. The aim of this thesis was to study the role of TGF-beta signaling in the progression of two different cancer types - diffuse-type gastric carcinoma and neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the function in neuroblastoma of the nuclear receptor TLX, a protein involved in neuronal stem cell maintenance, and if TLX interacts with TGF-beta signaling. We found that disruption of TGF-beta signaling in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells led to accelerated tumor growth in vivo through the induction of angiogenesis, possibly due to the repression of anti-angiogenic proteins including TIMP2. In addition, TGF-beta repressed expression of the cancer stem cell marker ABCG2 and diminished a subpopulation of cancer-initiating cells within the main cancer cell population, leading to reduced tumor formation. TLX expression in neuroblastoma cells inhibited VHL-dependent degradation of HIF2-alpha, which then could bind and activate the VEGF promoter. Silencing of TLX induced VHL protein levels, reduced hypoxia-dependent induction of HIF2-alpha and inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that TLX knockdown induced TGF-beta response in neuroblastoma cells as seen by increased TGF-beta dependent expression of its target genes p21 and Smad7. TLX physically interacts with Smad3 and knockdown of TLX led to increased TGF-beta dependent nuclear translocation of Smad2/3. In conclusion, the results from this thesis suggest that TGF-beta signaling has an important tumor suppressive role in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma, due to both inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and repression of a cancer-initiating subpopulation of cancer cells. Furthermore, TLX was shown to be important for neuroblastoma cell proliferation, with a possible role in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis as well as in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling in neuroblastoma.
The Impact of Board Gender Diversity on Capital Structure and Risk-Taking: Evidence from Swedish Listed Companies
(2025-07-07) Johansson, Erik; Eriksson, Simon; University of Gothenburg/Graduate School; Göteborgs universitet/Graduate School
Using a panel of 3,468 Swedish listed firm–year observations from 2010–2023, this thesis examines how board gender diversity affects corporate risk-taking and policy decision making. Employing OLS with industry and year fixed effects, this study observes no significant correlation between female board representation and leverage or earnings volatility, however, there exists a robust negative relationship with capital expenditures. This investment-based risk reduction is driven by independent female directors; however, there is no evidence of a critical mass threshold. Robustness and validity checks, including instrumental variables, lagged regressors, and propensity-score matching, confirm the findings of capital expenditures. This study highlights the role of gender diversity in moderating investment risk, forming governance policy, and the broader literature on board composition.
The Partnership Paradox? Budget Support Effects on Anti-Corruption Organizations in Uganda
(2008-08) Johansson, Erik; QoG Institute
New modern aid was initiated during the latter half of the 1990s by most of the leading actors within the international donor community to make the whole aid-procedure more effective, more lucid and more on the receiving states’ conditions. Budget Support is a tool within this “partnership-aid” transformation where the distribution goes directly to the receiver state’s governmental budget and thus strengthens the institutions of the state. As the governmental institutions gain more power, other actors might gain less power than before. It is problematic if Civil Society gains less power because one prerequisite to obtain Budget Support is to have a well functioning Civil Society. So if Budget Support leads to a weaker Civil Society it undermines the initial prerequisites to obtain Budget Support in the first place. The core of this thesis is to see whether this possible paradox is a reality. The target for this thesis is Uganda, a country which has been a pioneer in implementing new aid initiatives by the donor community, with an elaborate Budget Support framework. The study focuses on effects from Budget Support on Anti-Corruption Organizations (AC-CSOs) within Civil Society. To make the effects visual, the AC-CSOs’ relation to donors and the Government of Uganda (GoU) after the Budget Support implementation is investigated. Qualitative research interviews are made with 16 AC-CSOs. The findings show that most of the interviewed AC-CSOs are marginalized by the GoU after Budget Support implementation and almost half of them are marginalized by donors. Thus, Budget Support tends to be a part of the marginalization process for AC-CSOs. The direct distribution of funds to the GoU increases the government’s power and the process tends to lead to a position/object relation with AC-CSOs. Also, donors tend not to give AC-CSOs the support to stop this process. In addition, donors favour Watchdog Organizations over Service Delivery Organizations. As Civil Society tends to be weakened with Budget Support implementation, the structure of Budget Support could be considered as unsustainable in Uganda.
Den tuffe byggnadsarbetaren - en etnografisk studie av att bli man på ett praktiskt mansdominerat gymnasieprogram
(2015) Johansson, Erik; Göteborgs Universitet/Institutionen för sociologi och arbetsvetenskap
Inom en svensk utbildningssociologisk kontext har identitetskonstruktion hos unga män ägnats allt mer uppmärksamhet då gruppen tenderar att underprestera inom utbildningssystemet. Teorier baserade på Connells begrepp antipluggkultur dominerar fältet. Denna studie avser att nyansera förståelsen av denna teoribildning genom att undersöka en homogen vit arbetarklasskontext. Syftet med denna kritisk-etnografiska studie av lärare och elever på ett mansdominerat praktiskt program är att kartlägga och analysera den lokala genusregimen. Den metod som valts för att undersöka vad som präglar den specifika kontexten är deltagande observation. De frågeställningar som studien strävar efter att besvara är: 1) Vilken typ av maskulinitet reproducerar och/eller transformerar undersökta lärare och elever? 2) På vilket sätt präglas denna identitetskonstruktion av den specifika kontexten? Maskulinitetsbegreppet kommer alltså att nyanseras genom att bidra med exempel på hur det kan upplevas vara att socialiseras in i en svensk senkapitalistisk arbetarklassmaskulinitet. Genom ett dialektiskt förhållningssätt mellan teori och material har den lokala genusregimen använts som språngbräda för att utveckla och ifrågasätta teorin. Studiens resultat bekräftade mestadels de inom fältet dominerande teorierna men materialet reser delvis nya frågetecken. Hur lärarnas passivitet i förhållande till eleverna bidrar till reproduktionen av antipluggkulturen samt hur lärarnas egna identitetsdispositioner och hur kontextens rumsliga förutsättningar bidrar till denna reproduktion är frågor som studien belyser. Begreppet den tuffe byggnadsarbetaren framstod i materialet som extra betydelsefullt för förståelsen av både lärarnas och elevernas identitetsbygge.
Tweens - en studie om svenska tweens och deras relation till kosmetika ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv
(2009-02-05T14:45:57Z) Carlsson, Jessica; Johansson, Erik; Gustafsson, Ida; Göteborg University/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen