Browsing by Author "Johansson, Kristina"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Föräldrars upplevelse av vårdmiljön på en barn och ungdomsavdelning
(2014-08-05) Dahlberg, Elisabeth; Johansson, Kristina; University of Gothenburg/Institute of Health and Care Sciences; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsa
Bakgrund: Förälderns närvaro vid barnets vård och behandling är i dagens sjukvård självklar. Miljöombytet från hemmet till vårdmiljön påverkar föräldern. Tidigare forskning visar att det historiskt sett skett stora förändringar i vårdmiljön för föräldrarnas förutsättningar i vården. Fortfarande känner föräldrarna osäkerhet och hjälplöshet i sin föräldraroll i vårdmiljön. Föräldrarna önskar att sjuksköterskan ska ge dem stöd genom att lyssna och vara närvarande och bemöta dem med vänlighet. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av vårdmiljön på en barn och ungdomsavdelning. Metod: Studien bygger på 13 föräldrar som besvarade en enkät med en öppen fråga då de har vårdats på en barn och ungdomsavdelning med sitt sjuka barn. Textmaterialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet: Presenteras i två huvudkategorier, Att vara i professionellas händer och Att vara i en främmande miljö. Det resulterade i sex underkategorier; Att bli bemött som förälder, Att bli kommunicerad med, Att bli sedd i sina behov, Att ha möjlighet till bekvämligheter, Att få tiden att gå och Att vara isolerad. Diskussion: Barnsjuksköterskans roll är att stödja föräldern och stärka dennes känsla av sammanhang. Då kan föräldern bli stärkt i sin föräldrar roll och där med stödja barnet och resten av familjemedlemarna. Föräldrars delaktighet är en förutsättning i barnsjukvården, vilket innebär att föräldrarnas behov framhävs och tillgodoses. Då ges en förbättring i vårdmiljön för föräldrarna. Därmed kan föräldrarna uppleva vårdsituationen mer hanterbar. Konklusion: I resultatet framkom hur betydelsefull vårdmiljön är för föräldern som vårdas med sitt sjuka barn. En god vårdmiljö är en förutsättning för att föräldern ska kunna leva ut sin föräldraroll. Föräldern upplevde avsaknad av bekvämligheter. Vidare tillgodosågs inte deras behov fullt ut, då de var på barn och ungdomsavdelning tillsammans med sitt sjuka barn.
ILC2s and miRNA regulation in allergy and asthma
(2018-04-12) Johansson, Kristina
Asthma is a common respiratory disease that is characterized by chronic inﬂammation of the airways. In most asthmatic subjects, the immune response is driven by pro-inﬂammatory type 2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13) that correlate with hypersensitivity to environmental allergens and increased numbers of eosinophils in the airways and blood. In 2010, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identiﬁed as a novel type 2 cytokine-producing cell population. They were later found to promote allergen-related immune responses in the airway mucosa, where the alarmin cytokine IL-33 is an important driver. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that cause excessive immune activation is an important area of asthma research. Gene regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising targets for modulation of type 2 immunity and play important roles in models of allergic asthma. However, miRNA expression in ILC2s and in the airways of human asthmatics is currently understudied. Using samples from asthmatic subjects and experimental mouse models of asthma we identiﬁed that miRNA-155 (miR-155) is critical for ILC2-mediated inﬂammation in mice (Paper I). Lung ILC2s increased miR-155 expression upon IL-33-mediated activation in vitro and miR-155 deficient ILC2s demonstrated decreased IL-13 production and lowered proliferative capacity to IL-33 administration in vivo. Importantly, this was accompanied by a severe reduction of airway eosinophils. We identiﬁed that miR-155 is diﬀerentially expressed in airways of subjects with allergic asthma compared to healthy controls (Paper II). Furthermore, induced sputum isolated from allergic asthmatics in and out of pollen season revealed that the level of miR-155 in sputum lymphocytes varied with the season. In Paper III, we identiﬁed a previously unrecognized role of ILC2s locally in murine bone marrow. We found that IL-5-producing ILC2s contribute to the development and overproduction of eosinophils that promoted airway inﬂammation. Finally, we identiﬁed distinct diﬀerences in miRNA expression by examining miRNA proﬁles in airway macrophages isolated from bronchial lavage of asthmatic and healthy individuals (Paper IV). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that miRNAs play important roles in airway immunity; miR-155 is necessary for the pro-inﬂammatory function of ILC2s, miR-155 expression is altered in airway lymphocytes from asthmatic subjects and a distinct miRNA signature is present in asthmatic airway macrophages. We also demonstrated that ILC2s have additional roles in allergic immunity and support eosinophilic airway inﬂammation by local reactions in the bone marrow. An increased understanding of the mechanisms that promote chronic type 2 inﬂammation in various tissues, and in speciﬁc cells, is essential for the development of improved prevention and therapy of the disease in the future.
The Role of Trust in Accounting Research
(2003) Marton, Jan; Johansson, Kristina; Johansson, Inga-Lill; Hagberg, Andreas; Baldvinsdottir, Gudrun; Department of Business Administration
The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the knowledge about the trust concept and its application within the accounting research context. This is done by examining the different ontological and epistemological assumptions that accounting research are based on, by relating these assumptions to various conceptions of trust used in accounting research, and by revealing the explicit and implicit role that is given to trust in accounting research. The review is based on articles published between 1995 and 2002 in eleven influential accounting journals. The results show that few accounting articles are explicitly related to trust. Our review supports observations regarding the absence of empirical research made in previous research. Our classification of epistemological and ontological assumptions resulted in an even distribution between the mainstream and alternative approaches. The use of trust in the selected articles showed four different types reflecting an increasing role of trust in explaining accounting phenomena. To summarise, our review produces a dissociated impression of the role of trust in accounting research.
The Statutory Audit for Small Comapanies; Necessary or Not? - A Study of the Swedish Tax Authority's Viewpoint
(2004) Johansson, Britt-Marie; Johansson, Kristina; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
Background and research problems: In Sweden all limited companies have to submit themselves to an audit. Most member-countries in the European Union have chosen to exempt small companies from the statutory audit requirement. In 2003 the Ministry of Justice presented a memorandum that, among other things, suggested an extended regulation about auditor’s and agency’s conflict of interest. Some advisory bodies to the memorandum fear that this will either lead to increased costs for small companies, when they have to engage two different agencies to do their accounting and auditing, or inferior quality if they do the accountancy themselves. This has lead to a discussion about the statutory audit for small companies. Small owner-managed companies are a major part of the companies in Sweden. For these companies the annual report serves little purpose, both internally and externally. The external interested party that everyone thinks wants to keep the statutory audit is the Tax Authority. This thesis will try to find out what opinion the Tax Authority has about a possible removal of the statutory audit for small companies, if they see the statutory audit as a guarantee for good quality in the companies’ accountancy and if they see any alternatives to it. Purpose: The purpose with this thesis is to find out whether the Tax Authority attaches a great importance to the statutory audit for small companies or not. Furthermore, the purpose is to find out if they look upon the audit as a quality guarantee for the company’s bookkeeping and if they see any alternatives to the statutory audit. Delimitations: The authors have chosen to look at the statutory audit focusing on small owner-managed limited companies with only a few employees and with the Tax Authority as the main external interested party. No company-owners will be interviewed as we focus on the Tax Authority’s perspective. Method: A qualitative method has been used when collecting primary data through interviews with five representatives from the Tax Authority and one from the Ministry of Justice. Conclusions: The study has shown that the Tax Authority do not see any reason to remove the statutory audit, since it is important both as a control-instrument and source of information. They also think the audit have a positive affect on the company’s accountancy. On the question of whether there are any alternatives to the statutory audit the respondents answered in unison: no! Suggestions for further studies: It would be interesting to study alternatives to the statutory audit in countries that have removed it and their development since the removal, and how the tax authorities in these countries obtain information about the companies and if they find the accountancy reliable.