Browsing by Author "Karlsson, Alexander"

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Artins förmodan: p-adiska tal, ändliga kroppar och ekvationer utan heltalslösningar
(2019-07-01) Karlsson, Alexander; Klyver, Markus; Wahl, Kajsa; University of Gothenburg/Department of Mathematical Science; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för matematiska vetenskaper
This paper is based on Artin's conjecture concerning homogeneous polynomial equations. The conjecture is false in general but it is still true in many cases. One of our goals is to motivate why the conjecture is formulated the way it is. Moreover, we present a counterproof to the conjecture and we prove the conjecture in one specific case. We construct the p-adic numbers as the conjecture is expressed in terms of p-adic numbers and we introduce theory on finite fields, as it is needed in the motivation of the conjecture, the counterproof and in the proof of the specific case.
Entreprenörens förändra(n)de roll i det växande företaget - en fallstudie av 5 entreprenörer i modebranschen
(2007-04-13T06:45:38Z) Karlsson, Alexander; Lindholm, Patrik; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen; Göteborg University/Department of Business Administration
Uppsatsen avser undersöka hur entreprenörer upplever och hanterar det ökade ledarskapskrav som ett växande företag för med sig. För att söka svar på detta har fyra frågeställningar utarbetats: Hur upplevs de ökade administrativa sysslor som följer med att företaget växer? Minskar entreprenören inom personen på bekostnad av att ledaren/administratören inom densamme växer? Klarar entreprenören av att ta på sig de ledarroller som behöver axlas av ledaren i och med att företaget växer? Hur bör entreprenören möta det växande ledarskapskravet? Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem enskilda entreprenörer verkande inom modebranschen i Göteborgsregionen har unika berättelser samlats in. Det teoretiska ramverket har delats upp i två övergripande block varvid det ena tar upp teorier rörande entreprenören medan det andra innefattar teorier rörande ledarskapskrav och den ledarskapskris som eventuellt kan uppstå. Med hjälp av dessa teorier har empirin analyserats, varvid det har framkommit att det inte finns ett entydigt tillvägagångssätt för hur det ökande ledarskapskravet har att hanteras. Samtliga respondenter upplever att de administrativa sysslorna har ökat i takt med företagets tillväxt. Majoriteten upplever att detta ökade krav kväver entreprenören i dem. Den administrativa rollen får således ett större utrymme på bekostnad av entreprenörsrollen och därmed har entreprenören att välja vilken roll denne önskar inta för att kunna utföra ett bra arbete. För en och samma person räcker tiden ej till att inneha båda rollerna. Såvida entreprenören upplever det ökade ledarskapskravet påfrestande och kan släppa på sitt kontrollbehov kan denne överlåta ledarskapet åt någon annan. I annat fall är ledarrollen att inta, vilket innebär att mycket lite utrymme kan ges åt entreprenören inom densamme. Författarna menar att ett val av roll resulterar i att en ledarskapskris kan kringgås.
Förstå gymnasieelevers begreppsförståelse – Operationer med negativa tal
(2016) Karlsson, Alexander; Institutionen för matematiska vetenskaper
The purpose of this essay is to give insight to how teachers can increase their competence when it comes to understanding a pupil’s understanding. Therefore my two main questions are: How do upper secondary school students understand calculation(s) with negative numbers? And how can a teacher become better at understanding a pupils understanding in the forms of thinking and communicating? To answer these two questions I have analyzed four groups of students while they were performing calculations with negative numbers. The students were filmed during the process since my analysing method required that. In this essay I have chosen to present one of the four analyzed groups. The two analysing methods used to get an understanding of a pupil’s understanding are fokal analysis and pre occupational analysis. Also I have been discussing and analysing the students in the group through other theories such as threshold concepts. The study was done at an upper secondary school here in Gothenburg with students currently studying in second grade. The study showed that the three students in the group had different abilities regarding how to perform calculations with negative numbers. The pupils in the group did not manage to solve the tasks that were given to them. The pupils therefore did not have the proper understanding for calculations with negative numbers and other mathematical calculations needed for the two tasks. My analysis showed that the main reason why the pupils could not solve the tasks was the lack of usage of mathematical terms and threshold concepts. My analysis also showed that the pupils “meant focus” sometimes was not stable enough. A teacher can definitely use the two analysing methods fokal analysis and pre occupational analysis to understand a pupil’s understanding in the forms of thinking and communicating.
STATELESS DEMOCRACY? THE CASE OF NORTH-EAST SYRIA A qualitative study on bottom-up democratization and decentralized governance
(2025-02-10) Karlsson, Alexander; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
This bachelor’s thesis evaluates the decentralized governance model of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES) in its ability to handle political collective action problems. The AANES represents an experiment in the creation of a stateless democracy that challenges more traditional theories of top-down democratization and state building. By focusing on the institutional design of the AANES through its social contract, the thesis investigates how it is able to handle political collective action in matters of coordination, participation and conflict resolution. The study conducts a qualitative text analysis adapting Elinor Ostrom’s principles for collective action in decentralized polities, evaluating the effectiveness of the AANES decentralized institutions. The results show that the AANES has developed effective ways for facilitating inclusive participation, ensuring jurisdictional boundaries, issuing justice and managing multi-level coordination in its institutions. The balance of local autonomy and centralized governance in the direction of centralization is one way this is inhibited, however. As such, the analysis contributes to the broader discussion on democratization in post-conflict societies. The AANES thus provides insight into alternative ways for democratic development that goes beyond the state-centric model that has had a large influence on the region at large and beyond.
Understanding and Managing Risk in Complex Construction Projects A Study through the Lens of Institutional Logics
(2025-06-24) Karlsson, Alexander; Fredriksson, Ludvig; University of Gothenburg/Graduate School; Göteborgs universitet/Graduate School
This thesis explores how project professionals understand and manage risk in large and complex construction projects, with a focus on how these practices are shaped by institutional logics. While traditional risk management approaches emphasize structured, calculable processes aimed at minimizing cost, time, and scope deviations, this study adopts a more situated perspective, highlighting how risk is interpreted and negotiated in practice. Drawing on twenty semi-structured interviews with professionals across public and private construction projects in Sweden, the study identifies three dominant institutional logics, market, state, and professional, each offering a distinct framing of risk. The findings show that these logics coexist and often compete, creating institutional complexity that shapes both how risks are understood and how they are managed. Risk emerges not only as a technical or financial concern but also as a context-dependent and interpretive concept, influenced by organizational roles, project conditions, and normative expectations. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how formal risk frameworks are adapted in practice, and how institutional environments structure the possibilities and limitations of risk work in complex project settings.