Browsing by Author "Marton, Jan"

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    Accounting and Stock Markets. A Study of Swedish Accounting for International Investors and Analysts
    (1998) Marton, Jan
    The empirical motivation of this dissertation is the increasing importance and internationalization of stock markets, combined with accounting systems that historically are national in scope. At this time, there is incomplete knowledge of the effects on stock market actors of this recent development. In addition, the relevance of accounting harmonization efforts still underway has not been systematically evaluated. The research aims of the dissertation are: 1) to develop a structure for how accounting is used by stock market actors and empirically test this structure, 2) to develop a research framework for the empirical testing of effects of international accounting diversity, and 3) to empirically examine how and to what extent companies and investors are affected by international accounting diversity. In an attempt to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research issues, a choice is made to combine several data collection methods, including interviews, document studies, and statistical studies. In all studies, the focus is on Swedish companies as senders of accounting, and non-Swedish investors and analysts as receivers. Findings on how accounting is used by stock market receivers suggest that accounting is used as a basis for forecasts, and that receivers forecast changes from historic accounting information rather than forecasting absolute numbers. This finding enables a conceptual development. Theories about investor behavior often assume uncertainty about the future, but certainty about the present. In practice, however, there is also uncertainty about the present (or recent past), and therefore, accounting is useful even if it only provides historic information. It is also shown that both reporting companies, investors, and analysts are affected by international accounting diversity, a finding which indicates that accounting harmonization efforts are useful. Some impediments to true harmonization are found, however. One impediment is the substantial legal costs facing companies that list on foreign stock markets; costs that will not go away through traditional accounting harmonization. Another problem is differences in underlying views on accounting, which hinder true harmonization.
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    COMMENT LETTER ON THE EXPOSURE DRAFT (ED/2009/5) Fair Value Measurement
    (2009-09-30T07:30:41Z) Marton, Jan; Rehnberg, Pernilla; Runesson, Pernilla
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    Comments on Discussion Paper on Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (DP/2013/1)
    (2014) Ingblad, Sten Eric; Lundqvist, Pernilla; Marton, Jan; Polesie, Thomas; Runesson, Emmeli
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    Human capital disclosures and management practices
    (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008) Ax, Christian; Marton, Jan
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between annual report human capital disclosures and human capital management practices. Methodology - The paper used two sets of data. Disclosure data was collected from annual reports. Data on management practices was collected by e-mail questionnaire. 16 of the most traded companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange (SSE) were included in the study. Findings - Results indicated that there is limited association between the two sets of data. Even though the association was significant on an aggregate level, more detailed testing showed no systematic associations. There was, however, a significant association between internal management practices and companies’ perceived importance of disclosure, even though this was not reflected in actual disclosure. Research limitations – The most important limitations of the study are that it was based on a small non-random sample of companies from only one country and used annual report disclosures from a single year. Also, the study focuses on quantity rather than quality of disclosures. Originality - A feature of previous research is that it tends to focus on human capital (intellectual capital) from either an external or internal perspective. This study is the first that links human capital annual report disclosure and internal human capital management practices.
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    IFRS Implementation in Listed Companies – Identification of Factors Leading to Inconsistent Application
    (2008-06-17T13:39:21Z) Lundqvist, Pernilla; Marton, Jan; Pettersson, Anna Karin; Rehnberg, Pernilla
    Abstract. This paper presents an exploratory study of factors that lead to inconsistent application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We study the reasons for diversity in implementation of IFRS. The literature suggests a large number of different factors that help explain accounting choices, both deliberate and non-deliberate. We use accounting practice as a starting point. Through observation two cases are studied. First, the entire process of IFRS implementation is studied, from local GAAP to full IFRS. Second, we study purchase price allocation in business combinations accounted for according to IFRS 3. The method used is participant observation, where the researcher participated in the actual application of IFRS in selected listed companies. All observations were done in a Swedish setting. We relate our findings to those factors suggested in the existing literature. Consistent with the literature we find that bonus plans, national legal setting and existing practice are influential factors. Additional factors, not discussed much in the literature, are lack of resources and knowledge, and the development of local practice. We also find an interaction between existing practice and economic choice, suggesting that combining different parts of the accounting choice literature would be beneficial.
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    Judgment in accounting:The case of credit losses in banks
    (2012) Marton, Jan; Runesson, Emmeli
    Principles-based accounting standards require the application of profes- sional judgment in the production of nancial statements. In recent years, the bene ts of such judgment has been debated, for example in relation to fair value measurement. An accounting area where estimates are of partic- ular sign cance is that of credit losses in the banking sector. In this paper, we evaluate the `incurred loss model' under IFRS - an accounting area char- acterized by relatively few estimates compared to the `expected loss model'. We nd that only recognizing incurred losses decreases the validity of loan loss provisions and thus has a negative e ect on the quality of accounting for credit losses in banks. This indicates that the expected loss model would work better to prevent or reduce negative e ects of nancial crises. There are consequently important implications for the IASB as it deliberates whether to adopt the more principles-based `expected loss model'.
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    Remissvar VR 2016/93 till Bokföringsnämnden rörande K2
    (2016) Blomkvist, Marita; Lumsden, Marie; Marton, Jan; Pettersson, Anna Karin
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    Svenska normsättare på redovisningsområdet institutionella och politiska aspekter
    (2000) Marton, Jan; Lumsden, Marie; Törnqvist, Ulla; Department of Business Administration
    Enligt institutionell teori imiteras framgångsrika organisationer i syfte att uppnå legitimitet men resultatet kan avvika till följd av en översättningsprocess vid implementering av idéer. Baserat på fallstudier jämförs svenska normsättare på redovisningsområdet med amerikanska FASB. Jämförelsen inriktas på dels oberoende (intressentgruppers representation samt bidrag till finansiering), dels insyn (öppenhet i normsättningsprocessen). Syftet är att försöka tolka om svenska normsättare har imiterat FASB. Studien visar att normsättarnas legitimitetsbaser varierar. FASBs höga legitimitet förklaras av 'due process', som ger intressentgrupper möjlighet att påverka normsättningen. Bokföringsnämnden, Finansinspektionen och Redovisningsrådet utnyttjar 'hearing', vilket tolkas som imitation av FASB. Bokföringsnämndens och Finansinspektionens användning av 'hearing' ger intressenterna möjlighet att påverka normernas innehåll och kan därmed stärka legitimiteten. Dessa normsättares legitimitet påverkas även av det statliga huvudansvaret för utveckling av god redovisningssed liksom för BFN av bred representation av intressenter. För Redovisningsrådet innebär dock målsättningen om anpassning i så hög utsträckning som möjligt till IASCs normer att intressenterna har ytterst marginella möjligheter att påverka normsättningen. Resultatet av att utnyttja 'hearing' blir därmed inte detsamma som för FASB, vilket tolkas som att en översättningsprocess förekommit. Redovisningsrådets roll som översättare av normer torde inte räcka som legitimitetsbas.
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    The Role of Trust in Accounting Research
    (2003) Marton, Jan; Johansson, Kristina; Johansson, Inga-Lill; Hagberg, Andreas; Baldvinsdottir, Gudrun; Department of Business Administration
    The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the knowledge about the trust concept and its application within the accounting research context. This is done by examining the different ontological and epistemological assumptions that accounting research are based on, by relating these assumptions to various conceptions of trust used in accounting research, and by revealing the explicit and implicit role that is given to trust in accounting research. The review is based on articles published between 1995 and 2002 in eleven influential accounting journals. The results show that few accounting articles are explicitly related to trust. Our review supports observations regarding the absence of empirical research made in previous research. Our classification of epistemological and ontological assumptions resulted in an even distribution between the mainstream and alternative approaches. The use of trust in the selected articles showed four different types reflecting an increasing role of trust in explaining accounting phenomena. To summarise, our review produces a dissociated impression of the role of trust in accounting research.
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    Trust Research in Accounting – A Literature Review
    (2009-08-24T11:56:28Z) Baldvinsdottir, Gudrun; Hagberg, Andreas; Johansson, Inga-Lill; Jonäll, Kristina; Marton, Jan
    Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to provide a structured overview of literature in the nexus of trust and accounting. This can serve as a basis for future research, and thus provide a framework for asking more precise and focused research questions. Design/methodology/approach: All papers published in prominent accounting journals during a 10-year period were scanned. Papers pertaining to the field of trust and accounting were categorized and analyzed in more detail, and qualitatively classified in accordance with selected dimensions. The review was focused on papers explicitly exploring the link between accounting and trust. Findings: The greater part of the papers is in the field of management accounting. The majority of published papers in the field are based on sociological theory, but there are some economics-based papers. Sociologically-based analysis seems to provide more structure, but is also less paradigmatic in nature than economic theory. Only a minority of papers has an explicit definition of the concept of trust. Our conclusion is that the state of research is clearly non-paradigmatic in nature. Origininality/value: This is the only literature review that provides a comprehensive overview of research on trust and accounting. Thus, it is an aid in future research in the area.