Browsing by Author "Nordberg, Salome"

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KAN INTE EUROPÉER TILLIKA VARA FLYKTINGAR?
(2023-02-17) Nordberg, Salome; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
This bachelor thesis aims to comparatively study speeches by the European Union’s Commissions representatives, the president during 2014-2019 Jean Claude Juncker, the commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship Dimitris Avramopoulos during the same years as Juncker, as well as the president for the Commission now Ursula von der Leyen. The speeches regard refugees and migration from the relevant years 2015/2016 and 2022, and how they have chosen to address the refugees. Why this is of importance is because of how different the EU chose to act in regards with an eventual implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), i.e., a quick activation of the TPD by the EU when Ukraine was invaded by Russia. But when a large number of refugees, from mainly the Middle East, arrived on the shores of Europe there was trouble agreeing amongst the member states regarding the TPD. The research question for this thesis is therefore: How have the representatives of the EU Commission chosen to speak about the refugees at the influx of refugees in 2015 and 2022, respectively? The method used to comparatively study the speeches is a qualitative content analysis with an abductive approach. The result of this study demonstrates that there is a difference between the speeches from 2015/2016 and 2022. Juncker and Avramopoulos spoke about the situation in 2015/2016 in terms of challenges or problems and disagreement inside the EU. Von der Leyen’s speeches portrayed the situation with Ukraine mostly in terms of feelings of belonging between the EU and Ukraine along with a great support for the country. Whether or not the differences in the speeches can relate to the contrasting responses to activate the TPD, I can only speculate. However, the results of the study do say something about how the two refugee situations were perceived.
What are the odds of civil war? Investigating the relationship between quality of government, voter turnout, civil war, and the Democratic peace theory
(2023-10-05) Nordberg, Salome; University of Gothenburg/School of Global Studies; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för globala studier
The aim of this thesis is to quantitatively investigate the relationship between the quality of government, voter turnout, and civil war. By doing a hypothesistesting analysis through logistic regression. The hypothesis relevant to this thesis reads (1) There is a negative relationship between the quality of government and the odds of civil war and (2) In states, with high quality of government and a high percentage voter turnout there is a lower odd of civil war occurring, compared to only checking for QoG. Previous research has confirmed an inverted U-curved relationship between democracy and the risk of civil war, what this thesis contributes is instead of democracy as the independent variable, a measurement for quality of government is used. Quality of government covers more areas than what the definition of democracy does. Voter turnout is of interest due to the broad variation within different types of regimes. Firstly, two separate logistic regressions were conducted with the dependent variable occurrence of civil war, the first one with the independent variable quality of government, and secondly the dependent variable and the moderating variable voter turnout. Thereafter, a multiple logistic regression was conducted with the dependent, independent, and moderating variables. The data for the variables were gathered from three main research institutes within their field, namely Quality of Government, Uppsala Conflict Data Program, and Varieties of Democracy. The results of the thesis, show a variance, but support for the two hypotheses of this thesis, which describe that high quality of government decreases the odds of civil war. And when adding voter turnout to the model, after conducting a likelihood ratio test, depicts a better overall model compared to without quality of government and voter turnout. When discussing the results, it is evident that the democratic peace theory, which explains how democracies do not go to war with other democracies, can be applicable to the thesis results. The most recent years have shown numbers describing a decrease, but more intense, civil war, at the same time authoritarian regimes and hybrid regimes increase. These numbers do not correlate with previous research illustrating that hybrid regimes are most likely to develop civil war. Therefore, this thesis result concludes that quality of government cannot be categorized in the same manner as the three main regime types, but the thesis emphasizes that quality of government does explain some of the odds of civil war.