Browsing by Author "Olsson, Susanne"

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Breaking the symmetry: creation and transfer of optical activity via total spontaneous resolution and stereoselective reactions
(2013-03-28) Olsson, Susanne; Olsson, Susanne
The generation of optical activity from achiral or racemic precursors – absolute asymmetric synthesis – is discussed in relation to the origin of biomolecular homochirality but is also often (incorrectly) regarded as being impossible. One approach to absolute asymmetric synthesis is the use of compounds that form chiral crystals. If the compounds are also stereochemically labile in solution, all crystals in a batch may crystallise as the same enantiomer via total spontaneous resolution. The rare occurrence of conglomerates means that it is advantageous if the optical activity generated during the crystallisation can be transferred via stereoselective reactions to produce several enantiopure products from a single conglomerate phase. For this purpose, organometallic reagents and coordination compounds are well suited, since they combine stereochemical lability in solution with high reactivity. In this work two indenylzinc complexes were found to undergo total spontaneous resolution. NCS-chlorination of [Zn(ind)2(pic)2] gave 1-chloroindene with up to 89% ee for single crystals and 71% ee for full crystal batches, while [Zn(dcp)(ind)(tmeda)] gave 98% ee for single-crystals and 95% ee for full crystal batches. Three new octahedral ruthenium complexes with bidentate chelating ligands having at least one prochiral thioether function have been found to undergo total spontaneous resolution. One of the complexes gave optically active crystal batches with up to 97% ee. The optical activity of full crystal batches was transferred via oxidation to the corresponding sulfoxide complex with >97% ee. A new method to obtain single-crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction of base-free polymeric [LiCp]n and [Li(MeCp)]n was developed. In addition, three new complexes of solvated lithocene anions and rare solvated dimer structures were obtained from LiCp and Li(MeCp) in THF at low temperature. For the first time a tetrahedral silver complex was shown to undergo total spontaneous resolution. Attrition-enhanced (Viedma) deracemisation was used to reproducibly produce enantiopure crystal batches. Three cases of concomitant crystallisation of conglomerate and racemic phases are reported. Polymorphism of chiral and achiral phases is rare and data on such cases are relevant for crystal structure prediction.
Inte en riktig våldtäkt - En kvalitativ studie av fyra kvinnors tankar kring våldtäkt
(2008-02-12T08:32:09Z) Olsson, Susanne; Göteborg University/Department of Social Work; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för socialt arbete
Denna kvalitativa studie har som syfte att ta reda på hur fyra kvinnors förståelse och tankar kring våldtäkt ser ut. Frågeställningen behandlar vilka handlingar och omständigheter som krävs för att kvinnorna skall kunna kalla ett övergrepp för våldtäkt, samt huruvida den kvinnliga partens (offrets) alkoholpåverkan, klädsel, beteende, tidigare sexuella historia och relationen till gärningsmannen påverkar kvinnornas syn på om ett övergrepp är en våldtäkt eller inte. Kvinnorna i urvalet är mellan 20-35 år och bor i små och mellanstora städer. Två kvinnor har personliga erfarenheter av sexuellt utnyttjade och samtliga kvinnor har någon i sin närhet som har blivit utsatt. Intervjuerna har varit semistrukturerade och i analysen har det använts en fenomenologisk baserad meningskoncentrering där materialet är tematiserat med utgångspunkt i frågeställningarna. Våldtäkt är ett begrepp som kan te sig trivialt men som är allt annat än det. De definitioner som existerar idag är baserade på motsägelsefulla grunder och föreställningar. Min tolkning är att dessa motsägelser även bromsar processen att uppnå jämlikhet mellan man och kvinna.
Taha Husayns Dagarna som religionshistorisk källa
(LIR. journal, 2013) Larsson, Göran; Olsson, Susanne
The Egyptian author Taha Husayn’s autobiographical novel The Days has not been used as a source to the history of religions to any large extent. This article wishes to address if and how it can serve as a potential source to illuminate and analyze how religion is portrayed. Even though autobiographical texts are not pretending to present actual historical facts, but rather appear as reconstructions of a past, we address The Days as a text that says something about a specific historical situation, in particular concerning the religious landscape in Egypt at the turn of the century 1900. The Days illustrates the tensions and conflicts that prevailed in Egypt at the time, mainly considering religious interpretations and practices, between urban centers and countryside, but also among the traditional religious elites and the modernizers, attempting at reforming Islam. Taha Husayn was in favor of a humanistic and critical perspective in general, which made him align with a modernized and reformist version of Islam, which explains his critical comments on traditional pedagogy at al-Azhar and the Sufi traditions prevalent in the countryside.