Browsing by Author "Sandberg, Anna"

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A man´s world? – The impact of a male dominated environment on female leadership
(University of Gothenburg, 2018-11) Born, Andreas; Ranehill, Eva; Sandberg, Anna; Dept. of Economics, University of Gothenburg
Despite the significant growth in female labor force participation and educational attainment over the past decades, few women reach leadership positions. In this study, we explore whether male dominated environments, in and of themselves, adversely affect women´s willingness to lead a team. We find that women randomly assigned to male majority teams are less willing to become team leaders than women assigned to female majority teams. Analyses of potential mechanisms show that women in male majority teams are less confident in their relative performance, less influential, and more swayed by others in team discussions. They also (accurately) believe that they will receive less support from team members in a leadership election. Taken together, our results indicate that the absence of women in male dominated contexts may be a self-reinforcing process.
Hög redovisningskvalitet - Lägre risk och högre förväntningar? - En kvantitativ studie över sambandet mellan redovisningskvalitet och finansiella mått
(2010-02-12T12:41:42Z) Kihlström, Fredrik; Sandberg, Anna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Business Administration; Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
Rapportens syfte: Att undersöka eventuell samvariation mellan redovisningskvalitet och betavärden, volatilitet, price/earnings samt price/sales. Metod: Jämförelseanalys där korrelationer har beräknats mellan finansiella mått och resultaten utifrån en bedömningsmodell från konsultbolaget Kanton som vi anser utgöra en valid mätning av redovisningskvalitet. Dataunderlag: Finansiell data har hämtats från Avanzas webbportal medan resultaten från Kantons granskning har nyttjats, vilken i sig utgör underlag för utmärkelsen Årets börsbolag som görs i samarbete med Aktiespararna. Resultat: Vi finner inga signifikanta samband som ligger i linje med våra ursprungliga frågeställningar. Det verkar dock finnas ett positivt variationssamband mellan betavärde och redovisningskvalitet på Mid Cap-listan. Slutsatser: Analysen förkastar våra förväntade resultat och förutom mätfel diskuterar vi potentiella orsaker som exempelvis att investerare inte tar till sig all information, att den avgörande informationen återfinns i räkenskaperna eller att redovisningen bestäms till stor grad av kapitalägare. Det kan också vara så att mer information inte alltid är positivt.
Patienters upplevelser av att leva med pankreascancer och behovet av stöd från sjuksköterskan
(2021-03-03) Pleil, Birgitta; Sandberg, Anna; University of Gothenburg/Institute of Health and Care Sciences; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsa
Bakgrund: Patienter som drabbas av pankreascancer är ofta i stort behov av vård och omsorg redan när de får sin diagnos. Sjukdomen har en dålig prognos med begränsad överlevnad. Sjukdomsförloppet kan snabbt försämras, vilket innebär att sjuksköterskan måste agera snabbt för att kunna stödja patienten och deras närstående. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur patienter med pankreascancer upplever sin sjukdom under cytostatikabehandling och vilket behov av stöd som efterfrågas från sjuksköterskan. Metod: Designen är kvalitativ latent innehållsanalys med ett strategiskt urval på åtta personer som intervjuades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom tre övergripande kategorier: Leva med allvarlig sjukdom, Stödjande faktorer och Resurser. Slutsats: Patienter med pankreascancer upplever ofta en oro inför framtiden och en bristande kontroll eftersom de inte kan påverka sjukdomsförloppet. Deltagarna hade olika strategier för att hantera sin vardag, och den mest framträdande var en önskan om att få leva som vanligt. Kontinuitet och tillgänglighet bidrog till en ökad trygghet. Delaktighet i vården gjorde att personen fick inflytande över sin livssituation. Deltagarna var många gånger beroende av stödet från närstående för att få vardagen att fungera. Det var betydelsefullt med en personlig relation med sjuksköterskan och att bli sedd som en person trots sin sjukdom.
Physical activity and exercise in patients with intermittent claudication
(2022-09-26) Sandberg, Anna
Introduction. Supervised exercise is a guideline recommendation in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). As the availability of supervised exercise varies, interest has turned to the more accessible home-based exercise programmes. However, the reported effects of home-based exercise programmes are inconsistent and there are knowledge gaps in terms of studies evaluating effectiveness of both supervised and home-based exercise programmes over longer time periods as compared to unsupervised walk advice (WA) alone. There is also a need to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and daily physical activity during an exercise intervention. Walk tests are important for the objective assessment of walking ability, but the measurement properties of the 6-minute walk test have scarcely been studied in IC. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of unsupervised WA alone or in combination with a hospital-based supervised exercise programme (SEP) or a home-based structured exercise programme (HSEP) on walking ability, muscle endurance, HRQoL, self-reported physical function and daily physical activity and to study the test-retest reliability and agreement of the 6-minute walk test in patients with IC. Methods. Papers I-III originate from the SUNFIT trial (Supervised or UNsupervised exercise training For Intermittent claudication), a three-armed, multi-centre, randomised clinical trial including patients with IC. Papers I-III aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an SEP, HSEP and WA on: I) walking ability and muscle endurance, II) generic (Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and disease-specific (Vascular Quality of life Questionnaire (VascuQoL) HRQoL and self-reported physical function and III) daily physical activity assessed with an accelerometer. Paper IV was a reliability and agreement study of the first 100 patients who enrolled the SUNFIT trial at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and performed the 6-minute walk test twice at baseline. Main results. A total of 166 patients with IC (mean age: 72.1 (SD 7.4) years, 41% women) were included in Papers I-III. Paper I confirmed that an HSEP was non-inferior to an SEP, but that none of these interventions was significantly better than WA alone. In Paper II, no significant between-group differences were observed over time in generic HRQoL, while significant between-group differences were observed in disease-specific HRQoL in for example: at one-year in the domain Social (non-significant post hoc tests) and at six months in Summary score (favour SEP vs. WA) and in the domain Pain (favour SEP vs. both HSEP and WA). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the SEP reached the minimally important difference threshold for improvement in the VascuQoL Summary score at one year. Paper III showed no significant between-group differences at one year in any of the outcomes of accelerometer-measured physical activity. Paper IV demonstrated that the 6-minute walk test has excellent test-retest reliability, with a minimal detectable change at 46 m. Conclusions. An HSEP was shown to be non-inferior to an SEP, but no significant differences were observed at one year between an HSEP, SEP and WA, in terms of the 6-minute walk test maximum and pain-free walking distance, muscle endurance or daily physical activity. In the VascuQoL, a few of the domains and Summary score reached a significant between-group differences over time and a significantly higher proportion of patients in the SEP reached the minimally important difference threshold for improvement in the VascuQoL Summary score at one year. This study is limited by low exercise adherence to the HSEP and SEP. As such, there is a need for future studies to assess the optimal exercise intervention to improve outcomes in this population. The 6-minute walk test has excellent test-retest reliability in patients with IC and can be recommended for use in clinical patient evaluation and as an important endpoint in clinical trials.
The Impact of PhD Studies on Mental Health—A Longitudinal Population Study
(University of Gothenburg, 2024-09) Bergall, Sanna; Fernström, Clara; Ranehill, Eva; Sandberg, Anna; Department of Economics
Recent self-reported and cross-sectional survey evidence documents high levels of mental health problems among PhD students. We study the impact of PhD studies on mental health care uptake using Swedish administrative records of prescriptions for psychiatric medication for the full population of PhD students. First, we provide descriptive evidence that PhD students collect psychiatric medication at a higher rate than a matched sample of individuals holding a master’s degree, but at a lower rate than a matched sample from the general population. Second, we implement an event study analysis and document that, in the years preceding their PhD studies, prospective students collect psychiatric medication at a rate similar to that of a matched sample of individuals holding a master’s degree. However, following the start of PhD studies, the use of psychiatric medication among PhD students increasessubstantially. This upward trend continues throughout the course of PhD studies, with estimates showing a 40 percent increase by the fifth year compared to pre-PhD levels. After the fifth year, which represents the average duration of PhD studies in our sample, we observe a notable decrease in the utilization of psychiatric medication.