Licentiatuppsatser / Institutionen för språk och litteraturer
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Item ¿Un error grave, pero aceptable? Las actitudes hacia la producción oral de aprendices suecos de ELE.(Göteborgs universitet, 2018) Jorméus, Victor; Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThis study examines how teachers and speakers of Spanish react to the spoken Spanish of Swedish learners, with focus on errors produced by the learners. Four different groups of informants were interviewed: Spanish teachers in Sweden, Spanish teachers in Spain, University students in Spain, and Other Spanish natives. An adapted version of the CEFR error typology is used for classification. In the 44 semi-structured interviews conducted in Spain and in Sweden, the informants listened to and discussed the excerpts of two dialogues performed by 6 pairs of Swedish students (level B1). The results suggest that the most important factors in oral speech are fluency, understood as the absence of pauses, and the need to "dare to speak". The three groups of natives classify the learners as beginners, while the Swedish teachers consider them intermediate pupils. All groups of informants address the importance of verbs and a Spanish prosody. The two groups of teachers tend to employ a critical style of listening, with focus on grammatical form. University students also focus on grammatical correction whereas natives outside academia tend to show more interest in the content of the students' speech.Item Exaptation of the Nominal ŭ-Declension in Old Church Slavonic(2017) Gutsjö, Ann-Charlotte; Department of Languages and Literatures. University of GothenburgThe aim of this thesis is to study six substantives that specialists agree belong to the ŭ-declension, and two substantives they agree belong to the o-declension, in order to find out more about the interplay between the two declensions in Old Church Slavonic. This is a period when it is difficult to say if some substantives were ŭ-stem substantives confused with o-declension case endings, or o-stem substantives influenced by the ŭ-declension case endings. 15 biblical and five non-biblical sources (menaea and miscellanies) from the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries have been used as sources for the study. The results were analysed in the light of R. Lass’ theory on exaptation in language, and A. Ch. Vostokov’s thoughts on parallel use of both the ŭ- and o-declension case endings but in different syntactic situations (Vostokov 2007:92 wordlist). In conclusion, even if few occurrences of ŭ-stem substantives with o-declensions case endings were found, these were all from very early sources, and were replaced by the ŭ-declension case endings in later copies.Item NOCTURNES. Le monde du sommeil dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust(Institutionen för språk och litterturer, 2016) Bruncevic, Mersiha; Göteborgs universitetDenna studie kartlägger skildringen av sömn i Marcel Prousts romansvit På spaning efter den tid som flytt. Vad som främst karaktäriserar framställningen är ett slags rumslighet i bildspråket. I Prousts verk beskrivs sömn som en konkret plats dit huvudkaraktären, Berättaren, beger sig genom att somna. Ord som ”värld”, ”territorium”, ”land”, ”trädgård”, ”lägenhet”, ”rum” och andra rumsliga begrepp används för att beskriva sömnen. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår ifrån vissa narratologiska och intertetextuella begrepp som ”narratologisk funktion av rumsbeskrivningar” och ”intertextuellt klimat”. Efter en första del där denna rumslighet illustreras följer en analytisk del som studerar dess estetiska skiftningar. Sömn kan i Prousts verk ur ett estetiskt perspektiv betraktas som en litterär triptyk bestående av tre estetiska ”paneler” som bildar en sammanhängande helhet. Dessa tre paneler yttrar sig som följer: i den första volymen, Swanns värld, framställs sömnen som en helig plats där Berättaren tror sig kunna komma till en himmelsk sfär i vilken den konstnärliga inspirationen och den svunna tiden kan återfinnas. Den första stilistiska ändringen sker i volym två, I skuggan av unga flickor i blom, där sömnen upphör att manifestera sig som en helig plats och snarare blir en profan plats där kroppens fysiska drifter hamnar i fokus. Denna andra estetiska tendens fortsätter genom de centrala volymerna av verket ända till Den fångna, där ännu en förändring sker och sömnvärlden till slut blir en relativ plats som inte längre endast är knuten till den sovande kroppen. Det blir allt svårare att urskilja när Berättaren sover och när han är vaken, var hans sömnvärld börjar och det vakna livet slutar. Berättaren tycks slutligen befinna sig i ett sömngångaraktigt tillstånd som överskrider gränsen mellan drömvärld och vaket tillstånd.Item LAS VOCES DEL ‘LOCO’ - La representación ambigua de la conciencia en Pido la muerte al rey, de Ramón Hernández(Institutionen för språk och litterturer, 2015) García Nespereira, Sofía; Göteborgs universitetItem Le Dévoilement d’autrui dans les oeuvres littéraires. Aspects littéraires et juridiques(Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för språk och litteraturer, 2013) Tresch, Nathalie; Sörman, RichardI Frankrike, men även i andra länder, har under senare tid problematiken med litterära verk som skildrar privata förhållanden, till synes relaterade till verkliga personer, allt oftare aktualiserats i såväl media som rättsprocesser. Föreliggande studie syftar till att analysera vad som sker då en person, som anser sig ha fått privatlivets helgd kränkt i ett litterärt verk, drar författare och förlag inför domstol. Problematiken involverar konfrontationen mellan två grundläggande rättigheter: å ena sidan varje författares rätt att uttrycka sig fritt, å den andra den enskilda individens rätt att värna sitt privatliv. Detta dilemma leder till frågan om hur långt en romanförfattare får lov att gå i sin framställning av förhållanden som tillhör existerande personers privata sfär. Licentiatuppsatsen diskuterar olika definitioner av begreppet privatliv i förhållande till i Frankrike gällande lagstiftning. Vidare undersöks i vilken utsträckning domare behandlar till exempel faktatexter och fiktionstexter olika. Analysen visar att rättspraxis varierar från en domstol till en annan, liksom att domarna ofta hänvisar till de aktuella texternas litterära genretillhörighet, vilken i praktiken kan vara svår att fastställa. De texter som används som exempel i uppsatsen har av sina förläggare lanserats som romaner, samtidigt som de alla i någon utsträckning blandar fiktion med fakta. Detta har i flera fall lett till att domstolarna omdefinierat verken genremässigt, ett förfarande som också fått konsekvenser för utslaget. En intressant fråga i sammanhanget är huruvida domstolarna är kompetenta att göra denna bedömning och vilka kriterier de baserar den på. Uppsatsen är tänkt att utgöra första delen av en doktorsavhandling, där dessa frågor kommer att undersökas vidare, bland annat i avsikt att utröna möjligheterna till förbättringar och tydliggöranden inom aktuell lagstiftning.Item ¿La fiscal o la fiscala? Un estudio sociolingüístico sobre el uso de denominaciones con referentes mujeres(Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för språk och litteraturer, 2014) Larsson, Christel; Söhrman, IngmarThe thesis is a sociolinguistic investigation of how native Spaniards designate female professionals in 40 occupations. Due to the lack of norms in this field, it is characterized by variation and vacillation, even by the Royal Spanish Academy. The main objective of the study is to describe quantitatively how the use of the linguistic variable (1. the feminine: la abogada; 2. the common gender: la abogado; 3. a modifying attribute: la mujer abogado/la abogado mujer), is determined by different social factors (sex, age and education level). The results of these calculations, together with those of the analyses of acceptance, also serve as the basis of our second objective, which is to explain why certain designations with reference to women are preferred in the common gender by the majority of the 600 informants mainly proceeding from the Madrid area. The selection of the 40 professions is partly based on their morphological structure, partly on other factors, which means that the material includes job titles of different types and status, thus representing various socioeconomic levels in the Spanish society. The results of the quantitative analysis show that 22 of the 40 professions are preferred in the common gender by the majority of the informants. The conclusions regarding the impact of the social factors confirm a majority use of feminine designations by the women, the oldest age group and the speakers with the highest level of education, respectively. The qualitative analysis shows that different intra and extra linguistic factors, such as phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic, cultural and social ones, on the cognitive level form the speakers’ attitudes to the different designations, which together with the prevailing pragmatic factors determine the election of variant in each case. Owing to the fact that the preferences vary not only from one speaker to another but also within the speakers, i.e. from one designation to another, our conclusion is that no common denominator can be found that explains the resistance, but that idiosyncrasy predominates in this field, which complicates the prediction of the future use.Item English at Work. The communicative situation of engineers(2010) Apelman, VivianneIn the formation of globally operating European or international business corporations, an increasing number of Swedish companies have been sold to owners abroad in recent years. This often implies that their head office is located abroad and their corporate language has been changed from Swedish to English. The sociolinguistic effects of the language shift and the communicative situation at work when English is used as a linguafranca in the workplace have, however, been relatively little explored. The overall aim of this study is to investigate how engineers having Swedish as their mother tongue use English at work. Focusing on written English, specific research questions concern what engineers typically write in English at work, what proficiency level is required for writing tasks in English, what strategies are used to perform writing tasks in English, and whether there are differences between male and female engineers as regards writing tasks in English. A further question dealt with in this study is to what extent courses in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in engineering programs may prepare engineers better for writing in English at work. The investigation, carried out in ten large companies and one smaller, representing various business sectors, comprises a survey with 89 respondents, ten interviews performed in five of the companies, and an analysis of different types of documents typically produced in the workplaces and written in English. Two categories of documents, reports and minutes of meetings, have been more thoroughly examined and described by means of a proposed model of document analysis. The results show that more than half of the respondents write English on a daily basis at work. The most frequently written types of text are e-letters and reports. E-letters were indicated to be the text type that requires the lowest level of English proficiency, whereas instructions and reports were considered to require a very high level of proficiency. The most frequently used strategies mentioned to perform writing tasks in English were to rely on one’s own ability, collaborate with a colleague, and consult existing similar documents. Concerning writing tasks in English in relation to gender, the unanimous opinion was that writing tasks were linked to a person’s work position rather than gender. Although containing a relatively large number of grammatical errors, especially involving verbs, the documents analysed in the present study seem to be communicatively effective, most likely due to authors’ domain knowledge and ability to apply discourse conventions such as expected thematic structures. Considering the diversity and variation observed in the nature of writing tasks and documents, it could be argued that authentic texts and data from target workplaces instead of classroom models should be used in teaching to prepare students for the diversity awaiting them in their future professional writing in English.