Kalk- och gipsstuckatur En studie i traditionella hantverksmetoder, användningsmaterial och restaureringsåtgärder

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to explore the subject of decorative plasterwork, defining the changing materials and methods used in its manufacture from the 16th century onwards, and investigating different ways of reconstructing this historic material. This thesis is based on a literature survey and a comparative study of two cases of restoration of early plasterwork: Uppark House, located in West Sussex in England, UK and Mälsåker Castle in Södermanland, Sweden. These historic buildings were both subject to restoration in the 1990’s, that involved the extensive reconstruction and reinstatement of fire damaged material. The objectives that were the basis of the restoration projects, the methods and the materials used, as well as the results gained in the process are discussed. A practical attempt in making a plaster cast is performed implementing the information obtained through these studies. Decorative plasterwork is typically made up of lime or gypsum plaster. Early such work was traditionally created by freehand modelling slow-setting lime plaster directly onto the intended surface. The decorative schemes were three dimensional with a lively expression. This technique was later replaced by the, in comparison, mechanical production of repetitive casting of ornaments in gypsum plaster. This had a great impact on the craftsmanship associated with the making of decorative plasterwork, ultimately resulting in the loss of traditional plastering skills and knowledge of materials. Consequently, it has lead to historic plasterwork being subjected to inappropriate treatments, in many cases causing the historic material to deteriorate. The importance of carrying out restoration on a like-for-like basis is brought highlighted in this thesis.