Does an increased intake of dietary proteins lead to improvements in perceptions of appetite in people with obesity during a period of calorie restriction?

Abstract

Abstract Title: Does an increased intake of dietary proteins lead to improvements in perceptions of appetite in people with obesity during a period of calorie restriction? Author: Alexander Hidén, Daniel Karevi Supervisor: Therese Karlsson Examiner: Sofia Klingberg Programme: Programme in dietetics, 180/240 ECTS Type of paper: Bachelor’s thesis in clinical nutrition, 15 higher education credits Date: April 01, 2021 Background: Overweight and obesity is a growing pandemic on a global scale. Protein is largely believed to induce positive effects on perceptions of appetite, which, if applied, could lead to a more efficient weight loss treatment in people with obesity/overweight. Objective: The objective of this systemativ review is to determine whether there is evidence to support an increased intake of dietary protein, in the form of either supplements or regular food, to induce positive effects on perceptions of appetite during a caloric restriction, compared to a lower protein intake, for individuals suffering from overweight/obesity. Search strategy: The systematic literature search was conducted on two databases: PubMed and Scopus. The search terms used were MeSH terms based on the words: Protein, Hunger, Appetite, Satiation, Caloric Restriction, Hypocaloric, Energy restriction, RCT, Control. Selection criteria: We used the following inclusion/exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Studies containing adults in a caloric deficit, BMI>25, human studies, RCT, study must include at least two predefined intake levels of protein, language: English, outcome measure: VAS. Exclusion: Studies on individuals who have previously undergone bariatric surgery, studies including persons with a chronic disease and/or sickness that severely affect satiety or appetite. Data collection and analysis: Data collection was conducted in several steps. We filtered based on title, abstract, and method, before choosing the articles for examination. Ten articles were read in full. We assessed risk of bias and certainty of the results according to GRADE. Main results: No certain evidence was found to support the hypothesis that increased protein intake would lead to improved perceptions of appetite in people with obesity/overweight. Conclusions: There is low certainty (++) to support the hypothesis that increased dietary protein would improve perceptions of appetite in people with obesity/overweight.