A Comparison of Maternal and Reproductive Health in Nepal between 1996-2011
Mödrahälsovård i Nepal – en framgångssaga
Abstract
Background: Nepal is a South-Asian country facing many difficulties in health care. A
particularly vulnerable group is pregnant women. Due to lack of education and accessibility to
health care such as antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and adequate family planning,
Nepal has had a high maternal mortality rate. Most mothers die from preventable causes such
as haemorrhage, infections, and complications from abortion. Demographic and Health
Surveys (DHS) have been conducted in various countries worldwide, as well as in Nepal. This
is to elucidate demographic characteristics, with a focus on maternal and child health, often
used to measure achievements made towards global goals, such as the Millennium
Development Goals.
Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate the development with regards to maternal and
reproductive health among women in Nepal; has there been any advancement concerning the
Millennium Development Goal no 5 “To improve maternal health”, by comparing
Demographic and Health Surveys of Nepal conducted in the years 1996 and 2011.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of women’s maternal and reproductive health in
Nepal by comparing aggregated datasets from the DHSs of 1996 and 2011. The 1996 DHS
served as a foundation of the study, and comparable data was analysed mainly using
“individual confidence interval for the difference between proportions”. Results were
presented in tables.
Results: The maternal and reproductive health in Nepal has remarkably improved between
1996 and 2011 in nearly all variables over all regions. Contraceptive prevalence rate has
increased. Less adolescents give birth. More women attend antenatal care and give birth
with skilled birth attendance.
Conclusions: The maternal and reproductive health appears to have improved in all studied
regions; however remote areas tend to lag urban areas and the Millennium Development
Goals are rather far from being fulfilled. A comparison of aggregated datasets implies
statistical limitations, whereas the statistics should be approached with caution.
Degree
Student essay
Other description
Mödrahälsovård och kvinnors möjlighet till vård är ett aktuellt ämne, både i Sverige och i
världen. Globalt stöter mödrahälsovård och kvinnor på andra problem än de vi möter i
Sverige. Mödradödligheten är fortsatt relativt hög i utvecklingsländer, och så även i Nepal.
I Nepal beror en stor del av mödradödligheten på undermålig mödrahälsovård i form av få
eller inga hälsovårdsbesök under graviditeten och att många födslar sker utan utbildad
hälsovårdspersonal, ofta i hemmet. Detta till stor del på grund av att Nepal är ett land där
många är bosatta på landsbygden, utan ordentlig infrastruktur. Även användandet av
preventivmedel i Nepal är lågt, vilket leder till fler oönskade graviditeter, där avbrytande av
graviditet innebär en större risk än i mer utvecklade länder.
Studien är baserad på enkätstudier gjorda i Nepal under 1996 och 2011, där dessa jämförts för
att se om förbättring skett. Dessa studier går under namnet ”Demographic and Health
Surveys”, och utförs världen över, framför allt i utvecklingsländer, för att kartlägga
svårigheten av olika problem som länder har. De är särskilt inriktade på barn-, och
mödrahälsa samt preventivmedelsanvändning.
Resultaten visar anmärkningsvärd förbättring gällande i princip alla områden som studerats.
Fler kvinnor föder barn med utbildad hälsovårdspersonal, fler kvinnor går på
mödrahälsovårdsbesök, fler kvinnor använder preventivmedel, och antalet tonårsgraviditeter
har minskat. Dock pekar studien på en viktig aspekt, nämligen att kvinnor bosatta i mer
avlägsna områden tenderar att i mindre utsträckning använda preventivmedel, gå på
rekommenderade mödrahälsovårdsbesök samt föda barn med utbildad hälsovårdspersonal.
Detta är något man funnit i flertalet studier – att sjukvården i Nepal är ojämlik, vilket särskilt
drabbar de outbildade, fattiga och de som bor i avlägsna områden.
54
Acknowledgements
First, I would like to thank my supervisor Göran Kurlberg for his indispensable knowledge
and support while writing this report, and the trust he has given me working with free reins.
Secondly, this report would never have been finished without endless support and laughter
with my friends and future colleagues Amanda Carlsson, Olivia Wolfbrandt and Nina
Johansson.
At last, a big thank you to my family and spouse who have proofread, cheered on, and
supported me when things felt rough.
Collections
Date
2022-05-23Author
Bergendahl, Matilda
Keywords
Maternal, Reproductive, Health, Demographic and Health Survey, Nepal
Maternal, Reproductive, Health, Demographic and Health Survey, Nepal
Language
eng
Metadata
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