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A Comparison of Maternal and Reproductive Health in Nepal between 1996-2011

Mödrahälsovård i Nepal – en framgångssaga

Abstract
Background: Nepal is a South-Asian country facing many difficulties in health care. A particularly vulnerable group is pregnant women. Due to lack of education and accessibility to health care such as antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and adequate family planning, Nepal has had a high maternal mortality rate. Most mothers die from preventable causes such as haemorrhage, infections, and complications from abortion. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) have been conducted in various countries worldwide, as well as in Nepal. This is to elucidate demographic characteristics, with a focus on maternal and child health, often used to measure achievements made towards global goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate the development with regards to maternal and reproductive health among women in Nepal; has there been any advancement concerning the Millennium Development Goal no 5 “To improve maternal health”, by comparing Demographic and Health Surveys of Nepal conducted in the years 1996 and 2011. Methods: This was a retrospective study of women’s maternal and reproductive health in Nepal by comparing aggregated datasets from the DHSs of 1996 and 2011. The 1996 DHS served as a foundation of the study, and comparable data was analysed mainly using “individual confidence interval for the difference between proportions”. Results were presented in tables. Results: The maternal and reproductive health in Nepal has remarkably improved between 1996 and 2011 in nearly all variables over all regions. Contraceptive prevalence rate has increased. Less adolescents give birth. More women attend antenatal care and give birth with skilled birth attendance. Conclusions: The maternal and reproductive health appears to have improved in all studied regions; however remote areas tend to lag urban areas and the Millennium Development Goals are rather far from being fulfilled. A comparison of aggregated datasets implies statistical limitations, whereas the statistics should be approached with caution.
Degree
Student essay
Other description
Mödrahälsovård och kvinnors möjlighet till vård är ett aktuellt ämne, både i Sverige och i världen. Globalt stöter mödrahälsovård och kvinnor på andra problem än de vi möter i Sverige. Mödradödligheten är fortsatt relativt hög i utvecklingsländer, och så även i Nepal. I Nepal beror en stor del av mödradödligheten på undermålig mödrahälsovård i form av få eller inga hälsovårdsbesök under graviditeten och att många födslar sker utan utbildad hälsovårdspersonal, ofta i hemmet. Detta till stor del på grund av att Nepal är ett land där många är bosatta på landsbygden, utan ordentlig infrastruktur. Även användandet av preventivmedel i Nepal är lågt, vilket leder till fler oönskade graviditeter, där avbrytande av graviditet innebär en större risk än i mer utvecklade länder. Studien är baserad på enkätstudier gjorda i Nepal under 1996 och 2011, där dessa jämförts för att se om förbättring skett. Dessa studier går under namnet ”Demographic and Health Surveys”, och utförs världen över, framför allt i utvecklingsländer, för att kartlägga svårigheten av olika problem som länder har. De är särskilt inriktade på barn-, och mödrahälsa samt preventivmedelsanvändning. Resultaten visar anmärkningsvärd förbättring gällande i princip alla områden som studerats. Fler kvinnor föder barn med utbildad hälsovårdspersonal, fler kvinnor går på mödrahälsovårdsbesök, fler kvinnor använder preventivmedel, och antalet tonårsgraviditeter har minskat. Dock pekar studien på en viktig aspekt, nämligen att kvinnor bosatta i mer avlägsna områden tenderar att i mindre utsträckning använda preventivmedel, gå på rekommenderade mödrahälsovårdsbesök samt föda barn med utbildad hälsovårdspersonal. Detta är något man funnit i flertalet studier – att sjukvården i Nepal är ojämlik, vilket särskilt drabbar de outbildade, fattiga och de som bor i avlägsna områden. 54 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank my supervisor Göran Kurlberg for his indispensable knowledge and support while writing this report, and the trust he has given me working with free reins. Secondly, this report would never have been finished without endless support and laughter with my friends and future colleagues Amanda Carlsson, Olivia Wolfbrandt and Nina Johansson. At last, a big thank you to my family and spouse who have proofread, cheered on, and supported me when things felt rough.
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/2077/71776
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  • Examensarbete 30 Hp, Läkarprogrammet
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Matilda Bergendahl Vetenskaplig Rapport (1).pdf (2.547Mb)
Date
2022-05-23
Author
Bergendahl, Matilda
Keywords
Maternal, Reproductive, Health, Demographic and Health Survey, Nepal
Maternal, Reproductive, Health, Demographic and Health Survey, Nepal
Language
eng
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