Mobility and borderland identity: People choosing to stay in Southern Lebanon during the new wave of conflict in the fall of 2023

Abstract

Lebanon is experiencing one of its worst political and economic crises in its history, marked by a complete financial meltdown and escalating tensions between religious sects. Regional tensions, both historically and presently, have profound effects on the stability between Israel and Lebanon. In the fall of 2023, following Israel’s devastating military offensive in Gaza, the tension quickly spread to Southern Lebanon. The conflict has resulted in near daily cross-border attacks, including targeted assaults on the natural environment. Conflicts between Lebanon and Israel have previously caused significant displacement within Lebanon. During the new wave of conflict in Southern Lebanon in the fall of 2023, in contrast to the majority, some people chose to stay immobile. This thesis examines whether identity, proximity to the Israeli border, and strong place attachment in Southern Lebanon are influencing decisions to stay, with particular attention to environmental warfare. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and a theoretical framework based on mobilities was applied. A qualitative content analysis of the data reveals that identity plays a critical role in shaping the mobility decision of southern Lebanese during the current conflict. Additionally, the research shows that attacks on the natural environment impact mobility in various ways, from forcing displacement to fostering the development of resistant ecologies. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the complex factors driving mobility in conflict-affected regions and highlights the importance of considering both social and environmental dimensions.