BARRIERS TO LABOR MARKET INTEGRATION FOR UKRAINIAN REFUGEES IN LUXEMBOURG - An Analysis of Challenges, Perceptions, and Policy Implications

Abstract

This research investigates the barriers to labor market integration faced by Ukrainian refugees in Luxembourg and explores their perceptions of the integration process. Using Social Integration Theory as the primary theoretical framework, this study aims to understand how various factors—such as language proficiency, recognition of qualifications, legal restrictions, and social discrimination—affect the employment opportunities and social inclusion of Ukrainian refugees in a unique national context. The research addresses two primary questions: (1) What are the main barriers faced by Ukrainian refugees in accessing the labor market in Luxembourg? and (2) How do Ukrainian refugees perceive their reception and integration into the Luxembourg labor market? A quantitative approach was employed, using data from structured interviews to explore employment barriers and integration experiences. Data were collected from 60 Ukrainian refugees residing in Luxembourg through face-toface interviews conducted in refugee shelters and other accessible locations. The findings reveal that legal, structural, socio-cultural, and policy-related barriers significantly hinder the ability of Ukrainian refugees to integrate into the Luxembourg labor market. Language proficiency, particularly in French, emerged as a critical factor influencing employment outcomes and overall integration experiences. Despite high participation in language training programs, refugees continue to face substantial barriers due to inadequate language skills, non-recognition of foreign qualifications, and limited access to stable housing and social networks. The study also highlights varying levels of satisfaction with existing support services, with many refugees expressing a need for more tailored and effective assistance. The study concludes that addressing these barriers requires a coordinated approach that includes simplifying legal processes, enhancing language training programs, improving access to stable housing, promoting inclusive policies, and ensuring consistent implementation across all levels of governance. The thesis contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the unique challenges faced by Ukrainian refugees in Luxembourg and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, service providers, and community organizations to improve refugee integration strategies. Overall, this research underscores the complexity of labor market integration for Ukrainian refugees in Luxembourg and calls for a holistic approach that considers the legal, structural, socio-cultural, and policy-related dimensions of the integration process.