Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science / Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap(2010-)

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Nordic stakeholders and sustainable catering
(2011-02-03) Post, Anna
Sustainability deficits in modern food systems are widely reported and changes in food habits towards more sustainable eating patterns, including eating seasonal and locally produced food, have been suggested to minimise the environmental impact of food consumption and production. By means of national programmes and recommendations, the Nordic countries have taken the initiative for public catering to use local, organic and seasonal food in an attempt to create a healthier and more sustainable catering sector. But the problem is obvious, that sustainability action is not prioritised or sufficiently implemented everywhere and although the ‘eating out phenomenon’ is increasing every year, very little research has focused on sustainability action in the catering sector. The overall aim of this thesis is to analyse and discuss crucial factors for progress in sustainable catering as well as to establish a systems approach in research on food systems. Based on system thinking analysis of a Swedish survey and telephone interviews with stakeholders in the Nordic countries, crucial factors for sustainable catering can be linked to insufficient communication, ideological dilemmas due to conflicting messages but also to language deficiencies between stakeholders and other actors in the food system. System thinking would make it easier to make visible different stakeholders’ views concerning sustainable catering but also to better understand the whole picture. Stakeholders such as professional food purchasers and procurers are important in the process but do not have the tools to handle the conflicting message between economical and environmental directives. Knowledge of how the concept of sustainable development is constructed will facilitate work on achieving sustainable catering.
I skuggan av NHL
(Göteborgs universitet, 2012) Backman, Jyri; Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap
Ungdomars matval – erfarenheter, visioner och miljöargument i eget hushåll
(2012-05-28) Parinder, Ann
The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge of how young people, who have recently formed their own household, reason about and present their food choices. The study sheds light on the process the young people become a part of when food choices are made and food habits established. Additionally, light is shed on young people’s reasoning about their choices of food, their previous experiences and how they envision the future. The starting point has been how the young people present their food choices in relation to ethical standpoints, particularly with respect to the environment and climate. A central interest of the thesis has been to study young people’s households from a Home Economics perspective. In order to analyse and shed light on young people’s considerations and individual reflections when facing different choices, Archer’s (2003, 2007) “internal conversation” has been used. The empirical material, which comes from a 3-year study, included 51 young people who were studying, 19 of whom participated during all three years. The young people were aged 15 to 23 and had recently formed their own household. The methods used during the fieldwork included questionnaires, written reflections and participant observations as well as individual and group conversations. In addition, 23 young people photo documented their choices of food during a period of one week. The conversations were based on a guide where the young people’s perspective on the choice of food was central. The empirical material provided the prerequisites for the subsequent analysis. The results show that when the young people formed their own household, previously self-evident norms were questioned, opportunities for acquiring new standpoints arose and alternatives in the everyday food choices were found. Ethical, sensory, economical, health-related, social and knowledge-related aspects influenced in different ways the food choices. Daily routines and rituals were created and considerations concerning ethics, taste, social activities, time aspects and a desire to change the food repertoire influenced the choices. The results show clearly how the young people acted in several food arenas and navigated in order to create a functioning everyday life. Usually, ethical standpoints regarding the environment and climate varied and were taken more or less into account when choosing food. All felt that environmentally and climate friendly food choices were important and that in the future, it would be necessary to take this into account when choosing food. In conclusion, the study shows that when young people moved from a familiar life to their own household where they have to take responsibility and where habits and routines are established, they are open to change and to outside influences. Furthermore, they strive for a normative and pragmatic organisation of their food choices.
Nutrition in Olympic Combat Sports. Elite athletes’ dietary intake, hydration status and experiences of weight regulation
(2013-03-22) Pettersson, Stefan
There are a number of sports in which competition is conducted with weight limits or weight classes. In one-on-one combative sport, such rules are enforced to create an equal playing level and minimize the risk of injury between opponents. The prevailing attitude among competitive combat sports athletes is that a performance advantage will be gained by rapidly losing weight thus competing against a lighter and smaller opponent. However, rapid weight loss by voluntary dehydration can have implications for health and performance. The aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of weight-regulation practices of elite combat sports athletes. This is investigated by means of interviews emphasising on Swedish national team athletes’ (n=14) perceptions and experiences of the phenomenon, and by cross sectional data (n=68) on hydration status and dietary intake collected at six different competitions in the 4 Olympic combat sports of wrestling, taekwondo, judo, and boxing. The qualitative research demonstrated that athletes practice weight regulation not only to gain a physical advantage over opponents but also for purposes of identity, mental advantage, and mental diversion. However, negative experiences including physiological needs and opposing ideals related to dietary- and weight-making practices were also displayed. The dietary and weight conflicts were most prominent close to competition. The hydration status measured at the morning of competition day demonstrated that almost half of the participants were categorized as seriously hypohydrated despite high water intake. Time for recovery was not significantly related to hydration status but athletes with shorter recovery time tended to be seriously hypohydrated to a greater extent than athletes competing under rules allowing for extended recovery time. Furthermore, a large proportion of the participants consumed a diet below current sport nutrition recovery guidelines regarding energy-yielding macronutrients. The main findings of this work demonstrate that weight regulation in combat sports is practiced in such a magnitude and intensity that it brings about negative physical and psychological consequences. Stricter weigh-in regulations might hinder rapid weight-loss practises but such actions will not solve the problem entirely. To manage stricter rules, nutritional counselling might be of further importance. Moreover, the mental benefits currently ascribed to weight regulation should be considered.
Sport Has Never Been Modern
(2013-04-15) Jonasson, Kalle
Sport has often been understood as a set of formalised physical contests, and moreover as something inherently modern. New conceptions of the term implicates that sport ought to comprise all physical activity. However, the studies and approaches that describe the range and tension between those positions are lacking. The thesis addresses this lacuna and suggests that the aforementioned conceptions could be inquired as the narrow (physical contest) and the broad (physical activity) understanding of sport. The work presented in this thesis sets out to outline a theoretical and methodological framework that could comprise the different conceptions of sport. This framework is laid out with inspiration from Bruno Latour’s symmetrical anthropology. The empirical material was collected from an array of sources with a broad range of ethnographical methods. Four sporting practices (break time football, parkour, eSport, and company table tennis) that embody the tension between the broad and the narrow are inquired into in the articles. The comprehensive framework that the thesis seeks to outline takes form in shape of the different concepts (“dromography,” “minor sport,” and “the art of tracing”) constructed within the articles. It is concluded that the broad understanding of sport threatens to hollow the term. However, the narrow understanding of sport tends to downplay the material dimension of modernity. It is argued that the connection between the material and the social dimension of sport, with regards to categories such as age and gender, mustn’t be neglected in the study of sport. Furthermore, it is argued that the competitive element of modern sport is related to modern science in an unexpected way that adds new understanding to the ontology of modernity in general.
Television and food in the lives of young children
(2014-03-13) Olafsdottir, Steingerdur
Several mechanisms have been proposed behind the associations between screens and overweight including sedentary behaviour, eating while viewing, and exposure to commercials. Aspects of this association as underlying social factors and the possible confounding factors of social norms in the family that can affect children’s lifestyle have received less attention. TV commercials for food and beverages have been extensively studied and it is important to study the appearance of food in children’s TV programmes in a similar way. The general aim of this thesis is to examine the associations between young children’s screen habits, food habits and anthropometry as well as to analyse food and beverages in children’s television programmes in public service television in Sweden. Data from the European research project Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) has been used in Papers I-III and 25 hours of children’s TV programmes have been analysed for Paper IV. The main findings indicate that children’s TV viewing and total screen time was found to be associated with their increased sweet drink consumption, BMI and waist to height ratio, according to cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The association between TV viewing and sweetened beverage consumption was found to be independent of parental norms regarding sweetened beverages. Exposure to commercial TV was associated with consuming sweetened beverages more frequently independently of TV viewing time. One in five foods appearing in the sample of children’s TV programmes was for high-calorie and low-nutrient foods, often appearing with children. The results indicate that it is possible to affect children’s food habits by influencing their TV habits, and that public service television has the potential to improve the way food and eating are depicted in children’s TV programmes.
Idrottsprofilerad utbildning - i spåren av en avreglerad skola
(2014-08-29) Ferry, Magnus
This thesis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Swedish school sports system, a system which has evolved since the beginning of the 1970s, the prevalence of which has increased significantly at all school levels since the mid-1990s and today attracts a large number of pupils and teachers. Starting with the neoliberal discourse which has had a major impact on the development of the Swedish school system, and inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework, the reasons for the emergence of the school sports system and the reasons why schools chose to specialise in sport is described. Also examined are the pupils and teachers involved and the mechanics behind their participation. Empirically, this thesis is based on registry data, telephone interviews with principals at schools offering school sports and questionnaires responses from pupils and teachers involved in school sports. The results of the thesis suggest that the main reason school sports has become so common is closely connected to increased competition on the local school market; by offering school sports, schools have found a possible way to attract more pupils. Furthermore, the results show that the social characteristics of pupils who have been selected or have chosen to participate in school sports differs from the national population of pupils and participants in sports clubs. This suggests that the available supply of school sports is better adapted to some pupils’ social backgrounds and habitus. In relation to the teachers involved, the results show that other resources than what is normally required to become a teacher is valued in school sports. Instead of a teacher certificate, a coaching education and experiences in competitive sport is valued highly which suggests that this is recognised as symbolic capital for teachers in school sports. In conclusion this thesis demonstrates that school sports is influenced by both the fields of education and sport, and that the increased supply of school sports has implications for both fields.
Tränares makt över spelare i lagidrotter - sett ur French och Ravens maktbasteori
(2014-10-17) Rylander, Pär
Coaches power over athletes in team sports – As seen from French and Ravens theory of power bases. Keywords:team sports, coaching, social power, coaching effectiveness, structural equations modeling. The coach has a central role in sport and is assumed to be of great importance for athletes' performance and experiences of their sport participation. Even so, the scientific knowledge available about what enables coaches’ great influence is scarce. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate coaches’ power over players in team sports to shed some light on this issue. As a theoretical framework French and Ravens theory of power bases was used. The main analyses were built on data from 820 athletes from three different team sports (football, handball and floorball). In the statistical analyses, structural equation modeling was employed. Consistent with previous research in the area, the results showed that the athletes primarily attributed expert and legitimate power as reasons for complying with their coach. Different characteristics of the athletes were shown to influence what or which power bases they attributed. Here the age of the athletes were the characteristic that stood out as the most important characteristic. Sex, player status and length of the relationship with the coach were also shown to predict power base attributions. The results further showed that attributions of power bases were strongly associated with coaching effectiveness (CE), explaining between 12 % and 50 % of the variation in the effectiveness criteria used. The individual bases were shown to have varying relationships with CE. Referent and coercive power were found to be both positively and negatively related; legitimate power was only negatively related; expert power was consistently positively related; and reward power had no unique statistically significant relationship with any of the effectiveness criteria used. In sum, attributions of coaches’ bases of power seems to be of great importance in understanding the influence of team sport coaches, and thereby also for understanding athletes’ performance and experience of their sport participation.
Idrotten sätter agendan. En studie av Riksidrottsgymnasietränares handlande utifrån sitt dubbla uppdrag
(2014-11-14) Hedberg, Marie
This study aims to describe and analyse the actions of the school coaches at the National sport upper secondary schools in light of the conditions that govern and shape the activities at those schools. The theoretical standpoints are based on Lave and Wengers' (1991) theoretical concept community of practice, and as an explanatory theoretical framework Scott's (2008) interpretation of new institutional theory is used. In the analysis of the coaches’ space for actions given the current conditions, Berg's (2014) free space theory is used. The study has a qualitative approach and the design is based on four case studies, where interviews and document analyses have been used to produce the data. The main findings can be summarized in that the cultural-cognitive conditions are very strong, whereas the regulatory and normative conditions play a less significant role. The coaches belong to a community of practice, where the sport’s inherent culture becomes the reference point for how the practice will be run, even though they are part of the school.
Mat är mer än mat. Samhällsvetenskapliga perspektiv på mat och måltider
(2015) Bergström, Kerstin; Jonsson, Inger M; Prell, Hillevi; Wernersson, Inga; Åberg, Helena; Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap/University of Gothenburg, Department of food and nutrition, and sport science
Å lære å undervise i kroppsøving. Design for utvikling av teoribasert undervisning og kritisk refleksjon i kroppsøvingslærerutdanningen
(2015-09-11) Kjerland, Glenn Øvrevik
Applying pedagogical theory in professional practice and developing critical awareness are important objectives in teacher education in Sweden. Current evidence indicates that these objectives are difficult to achieve in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). Challenges that limit the students’ ability to apply pedagogical theory in teaching and execute critical reflection were used as objectives for designing and executing a project for learning and development. The aim of the study is to explore how a design that supports students’ development of theory-based teaching and critical reflection in PETE can be realized. Findings indicate that the students' became more aware of the necessity and value of using learning theories in PE teaching. The students’ different conceptualizations of theories and different assessments of theory-based teaching created challenges that oriented negotiations, collaborative learning processes and development of what the students’ meant were valid theory-based teaching concepts within the groups. Development of repertories of theory-based teaching concepts and using them for critical reflection led to discussions and critical analysis which revealed what the students’ meant were dominant teaching methods in PETE. When the differences between learning to teach in different settings and dominant teaching patterns were highlighted, they became resources for articulating and concretizing challenges which limit development of teaching competence in PETE. In one of the five groups these concretization processes led to ideas that may support learning to teach in the future.
SVENSK MÅLTIDSSERVICE. Storhushåll och restauranger. Livsmedelsmikrobiologi.
(2016) Bergström, Kerstin; Rosengren, Barbara; Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap
Extrem jakt på hälsa. En explorativ studie om ortorexia nervosa.
(2016-01-15) Håman, Linn
Orthorexia nervosa was termed by the physician, Bratman, in the late 1990s. He defined it as an unhealthy obsession with eating healthy food to achieve ‘optimal’ health. The term has since received attention in science and media, including in Sweden. Yet, orthorexia remains under establishment, as many symptoms, explanations and behaviors are being related to it. This thesis builds on four articles that create understanding of the term and phenomenon. The overall aim is to elucidate, explore and problematize how orthorexia nervosa is described, understood and reported. The thesis follows a sequential mixed method design. The empirical data consist of survey responses from 251 fitness participants, research findings from 19 empirical and theoretical scientific articles, newspaper texts from 166 Swedish daily newspaper articles, and responses provided by 14 personal trainers (PTs) in five focus group interviews. The findings demonstrate two versions of understanding orthorexia. The Swedish newspapers frame and PTs understand orthorexia to include excessive and obsessive approaches to food and eating, unhealthy and excessive exercise, and an extreme pursuit of a fit body. These characteristics create a Swedish popular version, which conflates orthorexia with exercise dependence and differs from Bratman’s definition. It further differs from scientific knowledge because this version does not include unhealthy and excessive exercise and does not provide consensus on corporeality. Indeed, the scientific knowledge remains limited and disparate. Nevertheless, both versions can be understood as a consequence of ‘aggressive healthism’.
Mästarcoacherna. Att bli, vara och utvecklas som tränare inom svensk elitfotboll
(2016-04-08) Meckbach, Susanne
This thesis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of what it means to learn to become, be and develop as a coach in Swedish male professional football. The theoretical framework is inspired by sociocultural perspectives on learning and the theory of situated learning, particularly Lave and Wengers’ (2005) concept legitimate peripheral participation and parts of Wenger’s (1998) concept communities of practice. In the analysis of the coaches’ perceptions I have used Nielsen and Kvales’ (2000) characteristics of learning resources in communities of practice and some concepts that belong to the sociocultural tradition and the theory of situated learning; legitimate peripheral participation, shared repertoire, situated identities, scaffolding and more capable. Empirically, the thesis is based on semistructured interviews with ten head coaches of teams in superettan or allsvenskan, the two highest football’s leagues in Sweden. The main findings can be summarized in that the coaches’ teams, including assistant coaches and, e.g., fitness coaches, etc., are important for the coaches’ learning and for them to manage an expanded leadership, tough employment conditions and large external demands of success. The coaches’ interaction with each other in the teams also means that they have great opportunities to form primary communities of practice, where large parts of their learning take place. Inexperienced coaches can accordingly be supported in their learning in a community of practice to which he belongs, but important is also that the coach education supports the coaches’ learning, for example through a focus on leadership issues and analysis of the football game.
Hälsocoach i skolan - En utvärderande fallstudie av en hälsofrämjande intervention
(2016-05-27) Hedström, Pernilla
Today young school children in Sweden spend less time taking part in physical activities, compared to what they did 15-20 years ago. Physical activity is a major health component, which can make children maintain or increase their health. Earlier research has shown that a minimum of 60-90 minutes a day of physical activity is needed for young children to develop good health. The purpose of this study is to explore a longitudinal (two years) health coach intervention, focusing on the effects and experiences of expanded physical activities in an elementary school, managed by a health coach. The research team planned the health coach intervention based on the theoretical model; Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (YPAPM). In the study, quantitative and qualitative data have been collected over a period of two years. Analysis has shown that the health promotion activities attracted even those children who usually do not like the PE classes. These children like playful activities where they can feel athletic competent and involved. The Health Coach project did not significantly improve the students' healthy lifestyles, at least not in the short term, even if the children had gained new insights about how to promote their own health. This study has shown that a health coach in school could be needed, but this position needs to be full-time, because it requires more efforts to increase children's physical activity. It is also important that the health coach has the right qualification and receive support from the head master and from the class teachers.
Bicycle injuries - The effects on Health-Related Quality of Life and Sickness Absence
(2017) Ohlin, Maria; Ohlin, Maria
Framåt Marsch! Ridlärarrollen från dåtid till samtid med perspektiv på framtid
(2017-02-23) Thorell, Gabriella
Swedish riding schools are characterized by a traditional stable culture that originated in army practices. The riding instructors reinforce these military traditions. Nevertheless, riding instructors and riding schools cannot be isolated and unaffected by society. This thesis identifies and highlights perceptions of the riding instructor’s role and the historical and contemporary conditions that govern and affect this role. Constructions of perceptions and experiences have been central. The selection of the theoretical framework and methodology were to emerge during the process, and by using different research methods the ambition was to strengthen reliability and increase quality. The first study examines how the Swedish National Equestrian Centre at Strömsholm (SNECS) trains riding instructors with a focus on content and the educational environment to understand the educational culture that exists at Swedish riding schools. The second study explored how ten riding instructors perceive and experience their professional role. The third study explored, through focus group interviews, young riders’ perception of the riding school. This thesis has contributed to a deeper understanding of the role of the riding instructor. The result explains why riding schools are still characterized by military norms. The contemporary perspective highlighted how the riding instructors perceived a change based on economic challenges and how these challenges affected their way of teaching. Young rider's perceptions of riding school showed how they develop social skills by participating in the riding school’s community of practice. In conclusion, these results can help strengthen the riding instructor profession and develop the riding school as a centre of knowledge and resources. To encourage further development, the profession should consider current stable culture, how learning takes place in the riding school, and the needs for further education.
Bra liv i Gårdsten – när invånarna själva får råda
(Göteborgs universitet, 2018) Berg, Christina; Bertéus Forslund, Heléne; Hallmyr, Moa; Hedström, Cecilia; Magnusson, Maria; Wretlind, Katharina; Göteborgs universitet; Västra Götalandsregionen
Denna rapport beskriver ett projekt som drivs av några invånare från Gårdsten och en forskargrupp från Göteborgs Universitet och Västra Götalandsregionen. Målet för projektet är att identifiera vad som gör att man kan leva ett gott och hälsosamt liv i Gårdsten samt att föreslå och initiera förändringar. Vi har vid ett antal träffar pratat om hur vardagen fungerar i Gårdsten, vad som är bra för hälsan och vad som skulle kunna förbättras. I den processen har vi använt en forskningsmetod som innebär att alla ska kunna komma till tals och påverka (GLA – Group Level Assessment). I slutet av varje träff har vi tillsammans bestämt hur vi går vidare och forskargruppen har dokumenterat och sammanställt det som hänt. Bland annat har vi haft en utställning, där vi bjöd in fler invånare och företrädare för myndigheter och organisationer i Gårdsten. Dessa aktiviteter har resulterat i förslag på konkreta insatser. Fler mötesplatser behövs och kommunikationen mellan människorna kan bli mycket bättre. Det har också framkommit att tryggheten och känslan av tillhörighet behöver stärkas. Önskemålen om bättre kommunikation, trygghet och tillhörighet har i sin tur har lett till att några jobbar vidare på att öppna ett språkkafé. En grupp har också tagit initiativ till att bjuda in representanter för hälso- och sjukvården för att prata om munhälsa respektive hälsosam mat. Detta var lätt att ordna eftersom både Folktandvården och Angereds Närsjukhus har sådant utåtriktat arbete som en del av sina uppdrag. Genom projektet tas alltså dessa resurser nu i bruk av invånarna. Slutligen kan man säga om detta projekt att det startat idéer, diskussioner och handlingar som förhoppningsvis kommer att fortsätta bidra till Gårdstens utveckling.
Education for Sustainable Food Consumption in Home and Consumer Studies
(2018-02-08) Gisslevik, Emmalee
Education as a means to enable sustainable food consumption has gained increasing recognition as a vital means to decrease current burdens upon both natural resources and human health. In response, the Swedish compulsory school subject of home and consumer studies, which positions education about food as core content, has been revised to incorporate in its national syllabus a perspective of sustainable development since 2011. However, because sustainable development remains an ambiguous, contested concept with a range of definitions and interpretations, it is necessary to gain better understanding of what incorporating its perspective can entail in home and consumer studies, particularly regarding the core food-related content knowledge that it teaches. Building upon four papers, this thesis reports research guided by an interpretive and exploratory approach that involved analysing data from syllabuses, observations, recordings of in-class lessons and interviews with practising teachers. The results reveal two ways of understanding what incorporating a perspective of sustainable development can entail in home and consumer studies in Sweden. The first understanding proposes an enriched and unified practice in which the curriculum prioritises embodied forms of knowledge about healthy, ethical and resource-efficient food consumption by allowing a multi-relational, systems thinking approach while focusing a homemade meal practice. By contrast, the second understanding proposes a practice riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions in providing teaching and learning opportunities to attain the intended goals. This ultimately results in fragmented learning opportunities focused more on informed reasoning than on informed actions. Taken together, both understandings pose theoretical, conceptual and practical implications, both for home and consumer studies in particular and in education for sustainable food consumption in general.
Food, body weight, and health among adolescents in the digital age: An explorative study from a health promotion perspective
(2018-04-16) Holmberg, Christopher
The overall aim of this thesis was to explore adolescents’ relationship with food, body weight, and health communication in online digital media, as well as how adolescents experience participating in a health promotion intervention regarding food and physical activity habits. Health promotion as a research area served three purposes: to inform the research questions, to direct the data collection, and to identify implications from the research findings. The four included studies explored how adolescents portray food in a widely used image-sharing application, why and how adolescents in treatment for obesity engaged with online health-related information, and how these adolescents experienced presenting themselves on social media. The fourth study explored adolescents’ experiences of participating in a healthpromoting intervention, focusing on their experiences of using a social media group within the intervention. Overall, the findings suggest that food is a significant means of adolescents’ online self-presentation practices. Food imagery was most often communicated in a positive way, associated with commercial elements, and often depicting high-calorie foods. Adolescents with obesity experienced this user-generated food content as challenging for their weight management. These findings also question the separation between media and information content as stated in the original definition of eHealth literacy. The findings also emphasize a need to explore the adolescents’ own experiences of acceptability of using social media in health promotion practices, with regards to the type of social media and in what context it was or could be used.

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