Kandidatuppsatser i journalistik

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“Vi lever också i samhället”. En kvalitativ studie om ungas uppfattning av deras representation i traditionella medier och hur det påverkar deras samhällsengagemang
(2025-04-24) Gustavsson, Elin; Stjernberg, Julia; Gustafsson, Ella; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Abstract Title: “Vi lever också i samhället” – En kvalitativ studie om ungas uppfattning av deras representation i traditionella medier och hur det påverkar deras samhällsengagemang Authors: Ella Gustafsson, Elin Gustavsson och Julia Stjernberg Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Bengt Johansson Aim of thesis: The main purpose of this study is to investigate how upper secondary school students perceive their representation in traditional news media and how they perceive that this representation affects their civic engagement. Theoretical framework: To answer the questions of the study we have used three different theories. These theories are Iris Marion Young’s view of the deliberative theory of democracy, the theory of diversity by Denis McQuail, and Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition. Method: The method chosen for the study was qualitative conversational interviews with upper secondary school students from different study programs in Sweden. In the study, five conversational interviews with a total of 16 students were conducted. Conversational interviews were chosen as our method, since discussions between the students themselves were possible, which led to a deeper understanding of the subjective thoughts of the youth themselves on topics such as news, representation, and civic engagement. Results: The respondents in our study see news as a source of information about important societal events, both globally and locally. They receive news through social media, family, friends, and traditional media. Interest in news varies, but tends to increase when events directly affect the individuals themselves or society at large. The upper secondary school students feel that their representation in the traditional Swedish news media is limited and often framed negatively. They also emphasize the importance of news reflecting society as a whole, and the need to raise young people’s voices. The upper secondary school students also concluded that positive representation in the news can increase their civic engagement by inspiring and motivating them. In contrast, negative representation such as exclusion contributes to feelings of powerlessness and alienation.
Speglar sportsidan staden? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av hur fotbollsklubbar gestaltas inom sportjournalistiken
(2025-02-27) Armini, Torsten; Johansson, Joel; Olsson, Johan; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
The aim of this study is to investigate how the five biggest football clubs in Gothenburg are framed in the local newspaper Göteborgs-Posten. Gothenburg has five clubs in the top two tiers of swedish football (IFK Göteborg, Gais, BK Häcken, Örgryte IS och Utsiktens BK), which makes them unique compared to other swedish cities. Many of the clubs also have a long history, being some of the oldest in the country, making supportership of the clubs a big part of the identity of many citizens in Gothenburg. With Göteborgs-Posten being the biggest newspaper in the city and the first choice for many, it’s therefore relevant to investigate how these clubs are framed within their pages and if there’s possible to find which factors play a part in this. The study is based on the theory of framing. A theory that suggests that people are influenced by how and what they see in news. Being influenced by media, people base their opinions and their knowledge on what they read and see. It’s a way of portraying reality, and the way people perceive reality. Being a quantitative study, 379 articles in total were studied. Articles published in the first week of the months of april-november in the years of 2022-2024. All articles that centered around one of the five clubs during this period was studied, based on a number of questions created with the focus being on how the club were framed in each article. To create frames for the study earlier adaptations of different frames were found and adapted for this study. The result was that IFK Göteborg was seen getting a lot more articles compared to the other clubs. It was also found that most articles were framed as game centered, connected to recent results, this making the gameframe the most used. The biggest factors determining how many articles were getting written was success and popularity.
Som man betalar får man banta. En kvalitativ analys av hur traditionella nyhetsmedier gestaltar Ozempic
(2025-02-27) Jansson, Elvira; Leissner, Elin; Jönsson Lindholm, Beatrice; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
In the past year, Ozempic has been observed internationally, as well as in the Swedish press, due to its rapid rise in popularity, its off-label use for weight loss, and the ethical and societal debates surrounding availability and impact. The purpose of this study is to examine how Ozempic is portrayed in the four largest Swedish daily newspapers: Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen and Aftonbladet. The aim of the thesis is to identify the frames within which the drug is described to acquire knowledge of how it influences public perception of it. Every article published between the first of March until the first of November has been included in the study, if it bottoms in the defined phonomenon. The method used is a qualitative text analysis in consideration of Entman’s framing theory, which is focusing on identifying dominant themes, problem definitions, proposed solutions, and the actors attributed responsibility in the coverage of Ozempic in Swedish press. The results revealed that Ozempic is discussed within various frames in Swedish media. One of the most common frames in the articles is the access issues, regarding who has access to the medication and who does not, which has shaped the overall discussion. Furthermore differences between morning and evening press were identified. The morning press was more factual and informative, with a focus on research, whereas the evening press tended to adopt a more sensationalist approach, often emphasizing individual stories. The study also confirmed earlier research regarding gender, socials and economics. Gender stood out since the portrayal of Ozempic in articles often has a focus on women. This is evidenced by imagery and narratives centered on women’s bodies, particularly in relation to weight loss.
Nyheter på Tiktok – ord och inga visor. En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av nyhetsurvalet och engagemanget på Aftonbladet och Expressens tiktokkonton
(2025-02-25) Gustafson, Klara; Parsmo, Oscar; Siwertsson, Kerstin; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
The aim of this study is to examine how the distribution between different topics emerge in news reporting, the topics that generate most user engagement and possible explanations behind such engagement on the social media platform TikTok. To address the research questions, a quantitative content analysis has been conducted on 663 videos from the TikTok accounts of the largest newspapers in Sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen. The videos included in the dataset were published between January 1 and June 30, 2024. The theoretical framework applied in this study is based on the theory of news values and news selection. This framework was chosen to refine the focus of the study and provide a deeper perspective on the topic. The theoretical framework has enabled us to analyze and understand what impact news values have on journalistic content. Additionally, the theory has contributed to an understanding that other factors affect what kinds of news content Aftonbladet and Expressen decide to publish on TikTok. The findings of this study reveals that the topics “crime” and “entertainment” dominate the TikTok accounts of the analyzed newspapers. Furthermore, hard news generates higher user engagement in terms of shares, likes and comments. This study also indicates that negative news tends to engage users more than positive news. Videos where users are encouraged to interact are more likely to generate a higher number of comments, while videos longer than 45 seconds tend to receive fewer shares, likes and comments. Finally, this study demonstrates that videos featuring elite people or celebrities result in less interactions.
Gestaltningen av Ukrainakriget. En analys av svensk krigsjournalistik
(2025-02-24) Slöjdare, Nellie; Svensson, Mia; Svedberg, Elisa; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
This study examines how the war in Ukraine is portrayed in Swedish news media, focusing on two leading newspapers: Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD). Using a quantitative content analysis, the research analyzes articles published between September 2022 and February 2023 to identify themes and journalistic approaches. The study seeks to answer the following question: How is the war in Ukraine framed in Swedish news media? To research this, the following sub-questions are addressed: Is the reporting positioned in relation to the principles of war and peace journalism? What topics and themes are covered? Which genre dimensions and dramatic structures characterize the reporting of the conflict? The study builds on theories of framing (Goffman, 1974; Strömbäck, 2000), peace and war journalism (Galtung, 2002), and genre dimensions as well as dramatic structures (Fogelberg, 2004). These frameworks provide tools to analyze how media constructs narratives and highlights specific aspects of conflicts. Previous research, such as that by Nygren and Hök (2016) highlights the need for analysis of Swedish conflict reporting, especially in the context of ongoing wars like the one in Ukraine. The material consists of 431 online articles from DN and SvD’s premium services to ensure comprehensive access to content. These were coded based on variables such as themes, primary and secondary actors, framing, and the portrayal of individuals as active or passive. The findings reveal that Swedish media reporting on the Ukraine war follows a war-oriented journalistic framework, focusing on military events and elite narratives while providing limited coverage of humanitarian perspectives. Themes such as international politics and sanctions dominate, while human interest stories and peace-oriented narratives are less common. These results align with Galtung’s critique of conflict journalism and Fogelberg’s observations on genre conventions.
Bonde söker jämställdhet. En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om könsfördelning bland programledare inom svensk underhållningsmedia
(2025-02-24) Bromander, Tilde; Johansson, Alva; Matsdotter, Maja; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
The purpose of this study is to acquire knowledge of gender roles and how these are applied in Swedish televised entertainment programs. Media studies state that inequality in media correlates with inequality in society, how men and women are portrayed in media depicts both cultural and traditional gender norms and also inflicts on how the population perceives the different genders. This survey analyzes the differences between female and male tv hosts in entertainment media. By examining the equality among this profession the survey contributes to an understanding of how viewers regard men and women. The study has been conducted from a gender perspective. The empirical material together with the operationalization of feminine and masculine attributes have been formed by the basis of theories established mainly by gender researcher Alice H. Eagly. This theoretical framework has allowed us to comprehend and construe which roles men and women adopt as tv hosts in the Swedish entertainment industry. Since the study aims to examine to what extent women and men host entertainment shows, the survey has been accomplished by a quantitative content analysis in which a coding scheme was formed based on the theoretical framework. With this method, it was possible to draw general conclusions over a longer period. The analyzed time frame of the study reached between the years of 1984 and 2024 during the first weeks of April and October in intervals of four years. The analysis was conducted using the statistical software, SPSS, where frequencies in entertainment programs were studied and later construed by the basis of the theories. Generally, male tv hosts are frequently more prominent than female tv hosts in entertainment programs. The results of the study confirm that women have predominantly served as hosts for romantic, relational and emotional shows, while men have more frequently hosted educational and comedy programs. These analyzed results demonstrate that the gender of the hosts generally aligns with the gender norms associated with different types of television programs. In this regard, the results are consistent with the study's theoretical framework.
Public service - ett könsmärkt fält? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av könsmärkning inom SVTs Rapport och Aktuellt
(2025-02-24) Andersson, Livia; Lindkvist, Olle; Mesic, Mirza; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
The purpose of this study is to examine which subjects male and female journalists report on in the Swedish news programs Rapport and Aktuellt on SVT. Historically men have reported on “hard” topics such as politics, economy and war, while women have reported topics that are “soft” such as culture, relations and human interest. This study has Monica Löfgren-Nilssons scientific work as a foundation, as she made a similar study in 2009, where she examined Rapport and Aktuellt in the years 1958-2003. Her conclusion was that throughout the years it slowly became more equal in the production of news between men and women, but that it stagnated at a 30 percent rate of hard news produced by female reporters. This study is a quantitative content analysis where we examine the 19.30 broadcast of SVTs Rapport and the 21.00 broadcast of Aktuellt (2012 and 2022). Variables as length of each news feature, gender of the reporter, gender of interviewees, subject etc. are central in the study. The results are cross examined in the study as well as compared with the historical numbers provided by Monica Löfgren Nilssons study. The results showed that the representation of female and male reporters has become more equal since Löfgren Nilsson’s study of 1958-2003. Through 2012 och 2022, the journalists combined in Rapport and Aktuellt are almost at a 50/50 rate, which is desirable for an equal society. The subjects on which female and male journalists report are also fairly equal. Another result and conclusion is that the genders take different roles while being interviewed. The majority of women who were interviewed were classified as individuals, without a title. The men that were interviewed got, to a larger extent, titles as expert, scientists and politicians. This shows that the gender structures of men being professionals, and women ordinary people are still prominent in the media. Men are also more likely to be interviewed overall, both by female and male reporters.
Med döden i vitögat. En kvalitativ undersökning om kriminaljournalisters relation till etik
(2025-02-24) Bergenlöv, Clara; Larsson, Elsa; Nyberg, Edwin; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
The aim of this study is to investigate how external influence affects Swedish crime journalists in the prevailing media landscape. The study focuses on how crime journalist’s ethics are affected today and if the newsworthiness has been affected by this. During the 21st century the society has gone through drastic technical changes, including journalism and media in general. We live in a society where there is a growing demand from the audience regarding details and in depth crime journalism. Journalists who cover crime work in a sensitive field, especially when speaking in terms of ethics, consideration for victims and their relatives. Furthermore the interest regarding crime has always been an attractive subject for the audience, but the publications have relied on journalistic expertise. During the last 20 years the digital development has given the genre true crime a whole new status. News worthiness is the theoretical framework which this study relies on. This theory is a fundamental part of the journalistic profession. Newsworthiness describes the reasons why an occurrence becomes newsworthy. To implement the theory about newsworthiness we chose the qualitative interviewing method. To participate in the study the requirements for the journalist was to have at least five years of work experience as a journalist with focus on crime. Our aim was to find participants for different parts of the country, to ensure the representative quality of the study. Nine crime journalists who met the requirements were selected. The result of the study showed that the digitalization has had a crucial impact on the journalistic workflow. The ability to follow the audiences behavior patterns and what they prefer to read has resulted in a new way to perform newsworthiness. This gives the audience more power than they have had before. There is an extended competition and pressure in the field, despite this the study showed that journalistic ethics has been preserved and has become even stronger. The interviews showed that the genre true crime does not have the impact on crime journalism that we first predicted. On the other hand science indicates that the journalists are characterized by internalized ideals of which they themselves are not aware.
Vem har bollen? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av svenska mediers inkludering och gestaltning av fotbollssupportrar
(2025-02-24) Blomqvist, Max; Ljungquist, Rebecka; Norrbin, Linus; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
One main principle of journalism is letting all parties speak on matters that concern them. This thesis seeks to investigate whether Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs-Posten, Svenska Dagbladet, SVT Nyheter and Sydsvenskan act in accordance with said principle when writing about football supporters. The main aim is examining how the newspapers mentioned, portray football supporters and to what extent supporters are given the opportunity to make statements regarding issues that concern them. This is done through a quantitative content analysis where 313 articles from the newspapers above are read and coded through 15 variables (see appendix). They are retrieved through the database Retriever, and manually selected by the writers to ensure only relevant articles are included. Theories applied are the Framing theory and the Agenda-setting theory. As this study aims to explore how football supporters are portrayed, the Framing theory serves as the main theory used. The reason being that said theory explains that the public perceives an actor as the media portrays them. The Agenda-setting theory is relevant as it explains how issues and actors given media attention are deemed important by the public. The findings show that football supporters are portrayed in a predominantly positive manner, as well as given the opportunity to make statements on issues that concern them more often than other actors. However, when portrayed in a negative manner, such as described as violent or dangerous, supporters are in most cases not given the chance to defend themselves.
Framing av Kamala Harris. Kön och etnicitet i centrum?
(2025-02-24) Björnstedt, Theo; Granhage, Lea; Norman, Kajsa; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: Framing of Kamala Harris: Gender and ethnicity in focus? Authors: Theo Björnstedt, Lea Granhage och Kajsa Norman Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Jenny Wiik This study is an analysis on how vice president Kamala Harris was portrayed within the American media landscape during the 2024 presidential election, both in general terms but also in the context of gender and ethnicity. Framing in the media is a heavily researched subject. How someone, especially an influential person, is presented to the public and what consequences that may entail. It is, however, an important subject that needs to constantly be studied in order to evaluate whether the media landscape is evolving in any specific direction. To get a broad understanding of the American media landscape we opted to analyse articles from The Washington Post, Fox News and NPR. In total we analysed 400 articles from the presidential election where Harris was mentioned and used the analytic tool SPSS. We mainly focused on questions surrounding gender, ethnicity and general framing. Our results show that no paper mentions ethnicity on any significant scale. In total only 1.5 percent of the articles analysed mentioned her ethnicity in any capacity. Because of the low percentage we could not find any specific subject that correlates to the mention of ethnicity. Gender was mentioned more frequently with 7 percent of the total articles analysed, but still too low of a percentage to make any credible conclusions.
I allmänhetens tjänst – året runt. En kvantitativ undersökning av public serviceprograms neutralitet under en mellanvalsperiod
(2025-02-24) Heitzmann, Ebba; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: In the public’s service – always Author: Ebba Heitzmann Level: Bachelor thesis in journalism Term: Autumn 2024 Supervisor: Monica Löfgren Nilsson While several studies about political news reporting during election campaigns have been done, only a limited number of studies have examined political journalism between elections. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore how Swedish news media reports about political issues between elections. Since public service’s neutrality is of extra importance while covering political matters, this study focuses on analyzing material published by public service 2023 and 2024. Since objectivity could be defined in several ways, the primary focus of this study is the idea that news reporting because of the constant need to select and deselect material never can be entirely objective. Instead, there is a need for journalists to frame their reporting and make selections of what and how they portray their information to produce good journalism. In a political setting, this requires a balanced selection of news in order to create unbiased reporting. There are primarily two kinds of media bias: structural and political. The structural bias is linked to the news industry and the organizations journalists work within. Structural bias has been found to be associated with medialization and episodic media coverage. Political bias is on the other hand related to partisan bias and political beliefs that interfere with the news reporting. The method used to analyze the collected data was a quantitative content analysis. It was conducted using an already well-established code sheet, previously used in Medievalsundersökningarna, which this study is inspired by. The purpose of this was to obtain results comparable with research conducted during election campaigns in order to recognize discrepancies between the different durations. It was found that the Swedish government parties were represented more than the opposition parties in the analyzed media. In addition, the issues that dominated the news agenda were mainly matters that benefited the government parties. Despite of this fact, it was not possible to draw conclusions regarding structural or political bias in the news reporting.
Sverige är hotat och den enda lösningen är Nato. En kritisk diskursanalys av den svenska nyhetsrapporteringen före Sveriges Natomedlemskap 2022–2024
(2025-02-24) Aggestam, Alexandra; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: Sweden is under threat and the only solution is NATO – A Critical Discourse Analysis of the news reporting in Swedish media before the Swedish NATO membership 2022–2024 Authors: Alexandra Aggerstam, Sara Fernholm and Sofia Jäger Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Amanda Ramsälv The media reporting on Sweden’s NATO membership process has been criticized for being skewed in favour of groups supporting a Swedish NATO membership. Some great research has been carried out on the topic, however the most relevant published article, by Hagström (2021), is solely focused on newspaper op-eds. We approached this topic with an interest in news articles, so set out to uncover the discourses present in news articles during this period, in order to get a better sense of how Sweden and its security is explicitly and implicitly communicated in Swedish news media. In this essay we have analysed three news articles published in the Swedish tabloid newspaper Aftonbladet in order to answer three research questions: 1) How is Sweden portrayed in the news media during the NATO membership process? 2) How is Sweden’s security situation portrayed? 3) How is the solution to Sweden’s security situation portrayed? We will do this from a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective. Critical Discourse Analysis is useful both as a theory and a method for uncovering and discussing implicit discourses and meanings in media texts. During our analysis of the three news articles, we uncovered a total of eight discourses: 1. Sweden is threatened, 2. Sweden's security is a military issue (first text), 3. Sweden is moving towards a community, 4. Sweden and NATO are threatened 5. Sweden's security is a military issue (second text), 6. Sweden is under time pressure 7. Sweden is strong together with NATO, 8. Sweden's security is primarily a political issue. These eight discourses revealed the answers to our research questions. In short, 1) Sweden is portrayed as both weak and strong (stronger with NATO), 2) Sweden is under threat and its security is most often a military issue and 3) The only security solution is NATO. Our findings contribute to the current media and journalism research on national identity discourses, fear and threat discourses, and the more general research on Swedish media.
Fredsjournalistik i svensk krigs- och konfliktrapportering. En kvalitativ intervjustudie om journalistiska ideal
(2025-02-24) Hjalmarsson, Annaclara; Lind Nilsson, Lisa; Olsson, Emilia; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: Fredsjournalistik i svensk utrikesrapportering : En kvalitativ studie av journalistiska ideal Authors: Annaclara Hjalmarsson, Lisa Lind Nilsson och Emilia Olsson Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: Autumn 2024 Supervisor: Bengt Johansson Pages/words: 53 pages, 20108 words (including abstract and appendix). Aim of thesis: The study aims to examine how editors and managers responsible for foreign news coverage at Swedish newspapers reason about the principles in Johan Galtung’s Peace Journalism. Method: This method of study consists of qualitative in-depth interviews with five editors and managers responsible for foreign news coverage at some of the most read Swedish newspapers. Theoretical framework: This thesis is based upon Johan Galtung’s (et al) theories on Peace Journalism, which advocates for news media to actively seek to contribute to peace negotiation and solutions to wars and conflicts. Results: There is a consensus amongst the editors and managers interviewed for this thesis, regarding the emphasis on reporting how the conflicts affect civilians and to give voice to the afflicted. This aligns with the principles of Peace Journalism where Galtung emphasizes reporting on the human side of conflicts. Objectivity is a central value for all interviewees although some mentioned that there is a side which they feel they always can take, that of human rights and civilians. Most editors and managers indicated a desire to increase the use of foreign correspondents, but this comes with challenges, particularly in financial terms. They acknowledged that they also want to cover peace initiatives more than just the mere negotiation – as Peace Journalism advocates – but it is difficult for multiple reasons. Information is often inaccessible, the processes are complex, and the audience tends to be less interested in these events, making it a partially commercial issue. In conclusion, this paper suggests a spectrum of reasoning for the ideals rather than two distinct types that either appeal to Peace or War Journalism. None of the respondents fully adheres to either of the theories, but there is a variation amongst the answers.
Scoop eller scroll? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av journalistik på TikTok
(2025-02-24) Karlsson, Alma; Nauclér, Alma; Nelhans, Michelle; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: Scoop or Scroll? A Quantitative Content Analysis of Journalism on TikTok Authors: Alma Karlsson, Alma Nauclér and Michelle Nelhans Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Mathias Färdigh The aim of the thesis is to examine what type of journalistic content is published on TikTok by the Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet and the British tabloid Daily Mail. Our intention is to explore how the content is presented and how journalism has adapted to TikTok as a social media platform. TikTok's unique format, featuring fast-paced and attention-grabbing clips, highlights the growing importance of social media as a platform for journalism to reach its audience in an increasingly digitalized world. The study relies on the news values theory and the theory of social media logic in order to gain a deeper understanding of which news are published by media organizations on TikTok, and specifically which news values are met. It also examines how the content is adapted to the platform through elements such as text and audio. Through a quantitative content analysis, we examined 332 TikTok videos published on the accounts of Aftonbladet and Daily Mail. The analysis was conducted using the statistical software, SPSS. We then compared the results with existing research and our selected theories in order to identify which topics and news value criteria were most common, and how the news adapted to TikTok’s format. Our findings reveal a number of patterns in the results of the analyzed news content; negativity, virality and audience familiarity. The study found that a majority of the analyzed material had a negative tone, often consisting of bad news. Additionally, the content heavily provokes emotions, most frequently negative ones. Both news outlets tended to include surprises and engaging audiovisual content in order to potentially achieve virality. Furthermore, Aftonbladet adopts a more personal approach in its TikTok content, frequently featuring a reporter, while Daily Mail tends to be impersonal and content-focused. For Aftonbladet, the most common news topics were crime/law and order, entertainment, and accidents. For Daily Mail, the most common topics were politics, entertainment, and crime/law and order.
Sprickan i mediernas spegel. En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om äldres representation i svenska nyhetstidningar
(2025-02-24) Manske, Sanna; Nyblom, Astrid; Pettersson, Hanna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: Sprickan i mediernas spegel – En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om äldres representation i svenska nyhetstidningar Authors: Sanna Manske, Astrid Nyblom and Hanna Pettersson Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Britt Börjesson The aim of this thesis is to examine how senior citizens are represented and characterized in Swedish newspapers. According to the theory of representation, the role of the media is to accurately reflect society by allowing individuals from various groups (gender, age, class, ethnic groups etcetera) to be seen and heard. It is not only important that they are represented but also how they are portrayed, as marginalized groups have historically tended to be unfairly represented or mischaracterized. As structured audience targeting has become more common among Swedish media corporations in the last couple of years, the question of whether this affects the content, and who is seen and heard in the news, is being raised. Structured audience targeting is still a new phenomenon, and the existing research is limited. Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding of this practice, a preliminary study was conducted with representatives from two of Sweden's largest media corporations, whose target audiences are 30-50 and 30-39-year olds, respectively. They are actively working towards reaching this audience, with new digital measurement methods both on their audience and their written material. To investigate whether the representation of senior citizens has changed since the introduction of structured audience targeting, a comparison between the years 2014 and 2024 was conducted. The method used is a quantitative analysis of every individual present in the 18 largest newspapers in Sweden, on an average day, April 4th, 2014 and 2024. In total, 1192 individuals were analysed. The results show that senior citizens are underrepresented in Swedish news articles, even when variables such as function and subject matter are excluded. The result also shows that there are great differences between men and women’s representation in media, and among the elders, the difference is extra significant, as more older men are present than older women. There is no direct connection to structured audience targeting as representation of elders increased slightly between 2014 and 2024, although the difference is too small to draw any definitive conclusions.
“Behöver ni rannsaka er själva?” En studie om ansvarsutkrävande intervjuer under två politiska skandaler
(2025-02-24) Hällström, Nora; Laurent, Felix; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: “Do you need to scrutinize yourselves?” A study on accountability interviews during two political scandals. Authors: Felix Laurent & Nora Hällström Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Bengt Johansson This thesis aims to compare how accountability is performed in live political TV interviews in the context of two different political scandals. The thesis examines accountability mechanisms in interviews with the Social Democrats' parliamentary group leader Lena Hallengren in Aktuellt and the Sweden Democrats' party leader Jimmie Åkesson in Agenda, and aims to contribute to an increased understanding of how Swedish news journalism, through political accountability, fulfills its role as a watchdog of power. The theoretical framework is conversation analysis, which examines details, patterns, and structures in interactions. The thesis also draws on journalism's normative task of scrutinizing power and holding those in power accountable. The study uses conversation analysis as a method to identify accountability mechanisms in transcripts of the two interviews. A comparative approach is used to analyze similarities and differences. The results show how the two accountability interviews have several similarities, but also differences that affect how accountability is performed. Lena Hallengren is to a greater extent asked explicitly accountability questions, where she is clearly asked to explain and justify the Social Democrats' actions. Jimmie Åkesson, on the other hand, is mostly asked implicitly accountability questions, where he is asked to acknowledge or deny claims and information. Jimmie Åkesson is also confronted with criticism from specifically named third parties to a greater extent than Lena Hallengren, which places higher demands on his answers. The results show that the politicians are treated differently, and the implications of these results will be discussed.
Viktiga män och oviktiga kvinnor? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om könsrepresentation gällande mjuka och hårda nyheter i fyra av de största nationella tidningarna i Sverige
(2025-02-24) Andersson, Hanna; Andersson, Kajsa; Biel Erlandsson, Tuva; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: “Viktiga män och oviktiga kvinnor?” - En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om könsrepresentation gällande mjuka och hårda nyheter i fyra av de största nationella tidningarna i Sverige Authors: Hanna Andersson, Kajsa Andersson och Tuva Biel Erlandsson Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Jenny Wiik Aim of thesis: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the extent to which socially structured gender norms influence the Swedish media landscape. This will be investigated by analyzing the representation of hard versus soft news in the Swedish media, the distribution of topics between female and male reporters, and how this may affect the visibility of different individuals in the media. Theoretical framework: For the theoretical framework used in this thesis, we have chosen three different theories. The first one focuses on the concept of gender and how researchers have long defined gender as a social construct that distinguishes men and women from each other. Secondly, we have chosen to apply Louise North's (2014) theory of Hard and Soft News to our thesis. This theory highlights the differences between various types of news and the distribution of these types depending on the reporter's gender, as well as the consequences of this distribution. Finally, we also apply the theory of media logic to our thesis to gain a deeper understanding of how media is structured and the underlying thought processes behind its organization. Method: The method used in this study is a quantitative content analysis which we have used when coding articles from four of the largest digital newspapers in Sweden. Results: The results that have emerged from this study confirms that hard news is the most frequently reported category of news. Furthermore it shows that men and women report about the same news, to the same extent. The difference, however, lies in the fact that men appear more often as a news subject than women. Men also get to talk, and get talked about in a wider range than women do.
True crime-podcaster i journalistikens gränsland. En kvalitativ intervjustudie om pressetiska avväganden i true crime-podcaster och synen på den växande genren
(2025-02-24) Jeppsson, Emma; Jonsson, Elin; Säll, Maja; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: True crime-podcasts in the grey area of journalism Authors: Emma Jeppsson, Elin Jonsson and Maja Säll Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: Autumn term 2024 Supervisor: Maria Elliot True crime is a well known genre that exists somewhere between entertainment and journalism. Within the podcast format, the true crime genre has grown larger than ever in Sweden and has lately been subject to a lot of criticism and questioning. Crime victims and their family members and relatives have called out podcast creators for making entertainment based on their traumas. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the field with qualitative insights from journalists working within the field. The aim is specifically to examine how journalists practically approach and interpret rules within the Swedish media ethics framework when creating true crime podcasts. Furthermore, the aim is to examine how journalists within the field think that this growing genre, with its unique involvement from private individuals making podcasts, will influence overall criminal journalism. The theoretical framework of the thesis consists of several well-known theories within journalism studies. To assess the results both social responsibility theory, the theory of consequence neutrality and the commercialisation of the media landscape is referred to. The method of the study is qualitative interviews. The results are based on six interviews with Swedish journalists, all of whom work with true crime podcasts and are connected to the Swedish media ethics framework. The main results of the study reveal significant diversity within the Swedish media landscape regarding how the media ethics framework is interpreted practically. Although the journalists operate under the same rules, this does not result in a common way of making journalistic and ethical decisions. Additionally, the study highlights that journalists see varying effects of the expanding genre that is a result of productions outside the media ethics framework. They mention a general decline in trust toward the genre and issues getting interviews with for example witnesses and relatives because of that.
SÅ GÖR DU JOURNALISTKARRIÄR: Var man, Var vit, Var medelklass
(2025-02-24) Aschan Kjellström, Saga; Berntsson, Isak; Skvagerson, Maja; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: Så gör du journalistkarriär: Var man, var vit, var medelklass Authors: Saga Aschan Kjellström, Isak Berndtsson & Maja Skvagerson Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Jenny Wiik This study investigates how Swedish journalists with five to fifteen years of experience in the industry perceive the impact of different factors such as gender, ethnicity, class background, and social networks on their career development. The theoretical framework consists of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus combined with Hodkinson and Sparkes’ careership theory, focusing on how individual agency interacts with structural constraints in career decision-making. The methodology follows qualitative interviews with ten journalists in order to capture their experiences and perspectives about what has affected their journalistic careers. Important results of the study shows that gender, education and ethnicity is perceived to significantly influence journalists' professional opportunities, with women and individuals from minority backgrounds facing challenges in advancing within the industry. Social networks were identified as a positive factor, with access to influential networks often contingent upon class and educational background. Furthermore, structural challenges, such as economic limitations are also perceived to affect the careers of journalists. Additionally, the study shows that journalists experience that performance and competence play a crucial part in journalists' careers. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the systematic barriers within journalism and may offer inspiration into how the industry might become more equal and representative which will contribute to the democracy in Sweden.
30 opartiska minuter? – en samtalsanalys
(2025-02-24) Jakobsson, Erik; Olofsson, August; Stomberg, Jesper; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation; University of Gothenburg/Department of Journalism, Media and Communication; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation
Title: 30 impartial minutes? A conversation analysis. Authors: Erik Jakobsson, August Olofsson, Jesper Stomberg Level: Bachelor thesis in Journalism Term: HT 2024 Supervisor: Bengt Johansson The aim of this study is to identify potential bias from journalists in “30 minuter”, a Swedish interview program aired on SVT. The program features politicians and others with power and influence. According to the Swedish public service broadcasting license SVT are required to produce television that is objective and unbiased. Previous research has repeatedly concluded that the state-financed broadcasting enterprise SVT complies with those requirements. Still, some accuse SVT of biased reporting. This study uses Shoemaker and Reese’s “Hierarchy of influences model”, explaining the existence of different levels of influence on media to give a background on what can affect journalistic content – and therefore create or contribute to bias. The theoretical framework in this study also consists of theories about structural bias and partisan bias. That has helped us understand both bias and our material, and to look for answers to our research questions. It gave an opportunity for more extensive analysis and discussion – which led to clearer conclusions. The method used is conversation analysis (CA). CA is used to study conversations both of institutional origin and everyday conversations. By seeing language as a resource to act out specific scenarios, the method investigates how the conversation is conducted, what its participants do and how different roles and relationships take shape in the interaction. Conversations are dynamic because they are formed by the interaction and negotiation that occurs between two or several people. The method has distinct patterns and rules to abide by, such as turn-taking. The content analysed with CA is authentic, for it has been acted out in a natural situation without direct influence of the researcher. When the conversation is recorded, it is later transcribed and used as a basis for analysis with different questions and perspectives. In the results chapter we showcase examples subtracted from our empirical evidence to demonstrate the different patterns of bias in questioning we have identified: “Oppositional positioning”, “Questioning of reasoning” and “Evaluative comments”. We also found a difference between the questioning of incumbent politicians and their non-incumbent opponents. The results are explained and discussed with the theoretical framework and previous research as a basis.

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