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  • Faculty of Science / Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten
  • Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences / Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap (2012-)
  • Doctoral Theses / Doktorsavhandlingar Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap
  • Redigera dokument
  •   Startsida
  • Faculty of Science / Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten
  • Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences / Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap (2012-)
  • Doctoral Theses / Doktorsavhandlingar Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap
  • Redigera dokument
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Ecotoxicology of antifouling biocides - with special focus on the novel antifoulant medetomidine and microbial communities

Sammanfattning
Marine biofouling, growth on submerged surfaces, is a problem for the commercial shipping industry but also for recreational boat owners. It leads to increased fuel consumption, loss of maneuverability and is a source of invasive species. The common solution to avoid biofouling is to use antifouling paints containing biocides which hinder the fouling organisms from growing on the ship hull. Medetomidine (4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1-H-imidazole, also known as Selektope) is used in antifouling paint due to its ability to inhibit settlement of barnacle cyprid larvae. Exposure to medetomidine hinders settlement and metamorphosis to an adult barnacle at 0.2 µg/l (1 nM), a concentration one hundred thousand times lowers than the lethal concentration. Several studies of possible environmental effects have been performed during the developmental phase of medetomidine as an antifoulant, both on invertebrates and vertebrates. This thesis focuses on the effects on marine microbial communities with studies on short-term toxicity, toxicant-induced succession after intermediate time exposure, long-term microcosm exposure and bioaccumulation. The predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of medetomidine in different environments have also been established using the MAMPEC model. A worst-case prediction for a Baltic marina generated a water concentration of 0.057 µg/l (0.28 nM). The conclusion for this thesis is that microalgal and bacterial metabolic functions are not affected by medetomidine until very high concentrations (2 mg/l, 10 µM). The same conclusion can be drawn for direct effects on species composition although there is an indication that grazing organisms in the microbial community could be affected, changing their grazing pattern and hence the microalgal species composition. Long-term effects of medetomidine on microbial communities from an antifouling paint were unfortunately surpassed by effects of zinc which was also present in the paint. It can therefore also be concluded that zinc affects both metabolic functions and species composition in microbial communities to a larger extent than does medetomidine.
Delarbeten
I. Ohlauson C, Eriksson KM, Blanck H. Short-term effects of medetomidine on photosynthesis and protein synthesis in periphyton, epipsammon and plankton communities in relation to predicted environmental concentrations. Biofouling. 2012;28(5):491-9.::doi::10.1080/08927014.2012.687048
 
II. Ohlauson, C. and H. Blanck. 2013. A comparison of toxicant-induced succession for five antifouling compounds on marine periphyton in the SWIFT microcosm. Submitted to Biofouling.
 
III. Ohlauson, C., M. Nydén, M. Hassellöf and H. Blanck. 2013. Long-term effects of medetomidine on marine periphyton community structure and functions. Manuscript.
 
IV. Hilvarsson A, Ohlauson C, Blanck H, Granmo A. Bioaccumulation of the new antifoulant medetomidine in marine organisms. Mar Environ Res. 2009 Jul;68(1):19-24.::doi::10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.03.007
 
Examinationsnivå
Doctor of Philosophy
Universitet
University of Gothenburg. Faculty of Science
Institution
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences ; Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap
Disputation
Fredagen den 25 oktober 2013, kl. 10.00, Hörsalen, Institutionen för Biologi och Miljövetenskap, Carl Skottsbergsgata 22B
Datum för disputation
2013-10-25
E-post
cecilia.ohlauson@bioenv.gu.se
URL:
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/33737
Samlingar
  • Doctoral Theses / Doktorsavhandlingar Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap
  • Doctoral Theses from University of Gothenburg / Doktorsavhandlingar från Göteborgs universitet
Fil(er)
Thesis frame (713.6Kb)
Spikablad (52.84Kb)
Datum
2013-09-16
Författare
Ohlauson, Cecilia
Nyckelord
Antifouling biocides
Medetomidine
Microbial communities
Periphyton
Epipsammon
Plankton
Publikationstyp
Doctoral thesis
ISBN
978-91-85529-58-2
Språk
eng
Metadata
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