Magisteruppsatser / Institutionen för ekonomi och samhälle, avdelningen för ekonomisk historia (2013-)
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Item Kris i ledningsfrågan! En komparativ studie av tre banker under 1983 - 1990 och upprinnelsen till 1990-talets bankkris(2023-05-12) Järgenstedt, KlaraThis master thesis examines which role the internal organization of a bank during 1983–1990 played in the development of the unprecedented Swedish banking crisis in the 1990s. By examining and comparing three commercial banks in Sweden who were hit differently by the financial turmoil, it is clear that structure, the management and culture of the organization are crucial elements in explaining the development of the crisis. The findings of this inquiry thus show that the roots of the crisis can not be understood by the three micro- and macroelements commonly suggested in previous research: deregulation, lending portfolios and a burst of a real estate bubble. Yet these explanations are indeed important, they are not sufficient. In this study, Handelsbanken, S-E-Banken and Gota Bank are compared. The result of the study shows that all three banks followed a decentralized organizational structure. However, Handelsbanken was the only bank who had adopted FTP-systems to assess risk as well as systems to enhance the feeling of responsibility in regards to the credit giving process by 1983. Moreover, in comparison to S-E-Banken and Gota Bank, Handelsbanken had a well defined and consistent management during 1983–1990. S-E-Banken had adopted a collective management-system as the owners could not agree on a joint strategy or a manager for the bank. Since the merger of Skandinaviska Banken and Stockholms Enskilda Bank 1971, the culture in S-E-Banken was polarized between the former owners and managers until 1990. In the case of Gota Bank, the division between management and the largest owner, Proventus, was ambiguous. The corporate culture in Gota Bank was also focused on expanding the volume of the credit portfolio.Item Finance Imperialism in British India - Profits from Indian equity on the London Stock Exchange 1900-1930(2017-07-28) Boberg, JensThe theory of finance imperialism, according to common interpretations of Hobson and Lenin, posits that investments in formal empires should yield higher returns than investments in the imperial metropolis and foreign countries. The aim of this study is to test this theory on British India in the era of modern imperialism, by comparing British Indian profits to estimates of returns in the U.K. and other parts of the world. A total returns index is constructed, based on data from Global Financial Data and the Investor's Monthly Manual. A guide for interpreting and using these resources is outlined. Findings indicate that a strict interpretation of finance imperialism does not explain British presence in India well, unless bias against industrial investments on behalf of British finance is taken into account.Item Utveckling, kapacitet och koordinering - Administrativ omorganisation på Papyrus AB mellan 1966-1974(2017-07-28) Krusell, MathiasUppsatsen studerar administrativ utveckling på det svenska pappersbruket Papyrus mellan åren 1966 och 1974. Utifrån djupa studier av bevarade rapporter och rutiner avseende kontorsadministrativt arbete, specifikt rörande bokföringsarbete, försöker uppsatsen besvara hur arbetet på kontoret påverkades av en teknisk övergång från hålkortsteknik till ADB-teknik ( dvs en tidig form av digitalisering). Uppsatsen utgår från ett teoretiskt ramverk rörande vad administration är och vilket dess syfte är för den organisation som administreras, därefter presenteras den administrativa utvecklingen på Papyrus som en fortsättning på de stadier av kontorsarbete historikern Mats Greiff presenterade i sin avhandling om kontorsarbete på Kockum och SKF mellan åren 1840-1950. Under mitten av 1960-talet så har ADB-tekniken utvecklats så att den är praktisk möjlig att använda i kontorsarbetet och under de närmaste tio åren går utvecklingen tämligen snabbt. På Papyrus beslutades det i mitten på 1960-talet att ekonomifunktionen skulle omorganiseras för att bland annat kunna flytta över bokföring- och redovisningsarbetet till automatisk databehandling (ADB). Ambitionen var att kunna automatisera arbetet och få utrymme att anställa fler kvalificerade tjänstemän som skulle leda den fortsatta administrativa utvecklingen på företaget. I standardprogrammen för bokföring (Bare) fanns bokföringstekniker inkluderade som inte beställts av Papyrus utan som leverantören (IBM) valt att inkludera i systemet som en indikation på hur tekniken kunde användas, exempelvis för en mer framåtblickande redovisning. Ett fenomen som gav upphov till en dynamik mellan ledningens krav på rapportering, externa leverantörers utveckling av tekniker och de anställda tjänstemännens uppgift att hålla samman verksamheten. De anställda tjänstemännen blev viktigare för kontorsadministrationen i det här avseendet. Vidare fortsätter den tekniska utvecklingen att påverka det kontorsadministrativa arbetet med ytterligare utvecklingsprojekt, på Papyrus i form av PISTOL-projektet. Där datoriserades lagerbokföring, kundorder och fakturering för att skapa enhetlig försäljningsstatistik samt övervaka den aktuella informationen genom terminaler online och låta analyser av den aktuella informationen styra verksamheten med en större exakthet och från ett längre avstånd än tidigare. Det nya datoriserade kontoret (åtminstone tidiga varianter på det) präglades således av ett fortsatt krav att hålla samman växande och mer komplexa organisationer men även att administrera samarbeten och utveckling som skedde utanför den organsation som skulle administreras. Tekniken möjliggjorde därtill administrativa tekniker som exempelvis framåtblickande redovisning i form av budgetberäkningar samt datoriserad bevakning av inkommande och behandlade beställningar.Item Emigrants and Temporary Guest Workers - A different perspective on the Swedish-American migration 1880-1910(2017-07-06) Elinderson, LarsThe general view of the Swedish-American emigration is based on the notion that most emigrants left Sweden for permanent settlement in the United States. Evidence also suggests that this conventional view of Swedish emigration corresponds to the factual situation of the first large Swedish emigration wave during the famine period in the 1860’s and early 1870s, when entire families and even larger groups of people from specific regions decided to try a new start as farmers or settlers in the New World. Over time this dominant trend of permanent emigration of families and groups changed. In the 1860s more than 60 percent of the emigrants were married couples and their children. By the turn of the century this proportion had fallen to 20 percent and the ratio of unmarried young men and women had doubled (80 percent). Both age and gender composition from 1880 to 1910 were characterized by a majority of young men, travelling alone or in groups, part of them returning home after a period. There were as well indications of individuals repeating emigration and return migration cycles for long time periods. The research hypothesis of this thesis is that for some Swedish-American emigrants during the period of mass emigration, temporary work migration was a plan for funding possible future investments at home, and that remitting funds to Sweden in part was motivated by self-interest and the intention to return. To find support for this, I emphasize a purpose-adaptation of the Implicit Family Loan Agreement theory and the intention to return as the two main components of this plan. The conclusion of the study is that both modern theory and historic evidence support the research hypothesis. The quantitative analysis also confirms the conclusion of the research question that the extent of emigrants returning home effected the flow of remittances during the studied period. The basic material in this area is extensive. More studies of records of land acquisitions in connection with returning migrants, records of inheritance and ownership transfers of farms in migrant families etc. could undoubtedly widen knowledge about the benefit of temporary migration for individual returnees and their families, and for the regional development as well as the aggregated effect of remittances for development following the Swedish emigration episode.