Från himladrottning till dygdig tjänarinna. Mariologiskt betingade förändringar i 1500-talets svenska reformatoriska skrifter

Abstract

This thesis examines the mariological changes of the Swedish reformatory process in the 16th century. Two main questions are asked: What image, or images, of the virgin Mary are mediated in the religious literature of the 16th century, and how do these images correspond to Lutheran theology? A selection of reformatory prayers, sermons and hymns have been closely read and analysed. Focal points have been on writings connected to Mary and her feast days, such as the Annunciation. Within the medieval context Mary is elevated with goddesslike attributes. She is Coredemptrix, actively participating in the salvation of all people. This study concludes that within the Swedish reformation a new and reconstructed image of the virgin Mary is developed. In the reformatory writings Mary is introduced as a humble servant, a human among others, who from God have been honored with special grace. She is praised in the meaning that she has been chosen by God. It is emphasised that it is not by her own abilities that she is dignified, but only by her god given grace. The Swedish reformers erase the image of Mary as Coredemptrix and turn her into an example of a virtuous Christian woman. The results suggest that the new image of Mary is not without relevance. This interpretation of the reformed virgin Mary demonstrates the importance of Luther’s doctrine of vocation. In the analysed material the virgin Mary acts as an example for one who lives in her vocation. The Swedish reformers do not only emphasise her obedience to God, calling her to be the mother of his son, but also Mary’s care for her fellow human beings, her dedication to her household chores and raising her child. Within the reformatory writings Mary is used as an example of the gifts and grace that comes with following one´s vocation.