As a natural part of our lives, the advantages of plastics remain tangential that we can barely do without it. Marine plastic has remained a major challenge in the West African country’s coastline causing several degrees of environmental concern. These effects have destabilized the marine ecosystem and in-turn affecting humans. Based on these ideologies, it is paramount that the environmental impacts of marine plastic litter in Nigeria and West African regions is studied taking note of the current state and mitigation measures. The method used in this thesis is a literature review format by consulting past and recent research papers related to the topic. The focus is on West African setting with a major interest in Nigeria as a nation. Collective researches were reviewed on the occurrence of plastics in the marine ecosystem and their sources, adapted endpoints of plastic litter, economic impacts, preventive measures and government policies against marine plastic litter. Some of the search words used are marine plastic litter, mitigation measure, governmental policies, Nigeria, West Africa, marine plastic impact. Significant number of findings were made on the sources of these plastic litter in the marine and where they end up in the environment. Several economic impacts were exposed stating how devastating marine plastic litter could be. However, findings were also made on the preventive and government policy measures towards tackling the negative effects of marine litter pollution. At this point, it will be educating to ensure that all agencies (government and nongovernmental organizations) should escalate every means through awareness creation and active roles towards crippling the impact of marine plastic pollution in order to maintain a health ecosystem.