Utbränning i Sverige : en populationsstudie

Abstract

Burnout in Sweden : a national survey Burnout among Swedes aged 18-64 years was studied in a national sample. Burnout was measured according to a process model by two instruments, Pines Burnout Measure and a scale for performance-based self-esteem. Data were derived from 4 810 persons (response rate 69%) and 7,1 per cent of the total sample and 5,7 per cent of the employees showed clear signs of burnout. Women, especially in higher socio-economic status had high rates of burnout as well as single persons, immigrants and those on long-term sick-leave. Burnout was more frequent among non-employed and unemployed persons than among employed ones. The relationship between burnout and occupational groups was weak. Burnout was more prevalent among state officials than among employees in local authorities, county councils and in the private sector, and the most afflicted occupational group was teachers. Hard and difficult working conditions were correlated with burnout as were experiences of organisational changes, shut-downs as well as interpersonal conflicts and mobbing. Family conditions contributed to the prediction of burnout among employees but were never the only contributing factors. Burnout and stress-related long-term sick leave were strongly correlated. Keywords: Burnout, stress, self-esteem, epidemiology, sick-leave, labour market, occupational conditions, organisational change, mobbing

Utbränning inom grupper av den svenska befolkningen i åldern 18-64 år studerades i ett representativt populationsurval. Utbränning mättes enligt en processmodell med två instrument, Pines BM-skala och en skala för prestationsbaserad självkänsla. Data erhölls från 4 810 personer och det framkom att 7,1 procent av hela gruppen och 5,7 procent av de förvärvsarbetande visade tecken på utbränning. Kvinnor, särskilt i högre tjänstemannayrken, var överrepresenterade i denna kategori liksom ensamstående personer, utlandsfödda och helårssjukskrivna. Personer utanför arbetsmarknaden, som arbetslösa, hade större andelar i utbränning än förvärvsarbetande. Sambanden med yrkesområde och näringsgren var måttliga. Den arbetsmarknadssektor som hade störst andel i utbränning var staten, och lärare var den yrkesgrupp med högst prevalens. Besvärliga arbetsförhållanden hade samband med utbränning men även organisationsförändringar, konflikter och mobbning. Hemförhållanden bidrog till att förklara utbränning bland förvärvsarbetande men var aldrig den enda bidragande faktorn. Utbränning hade starkt samband med stressrelaterad långtidssjukskrivning.