Magisteruppsatser / Institutionen för språk och litteraturer
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Item “NO ETO NE YUZABEL’NO” - An Analysis of Code-Switching Among Russian-Speaking Gamers(2025-06-26) Johansson, Daniel; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThe Internet continues to provide fertile ground for language contact, and via language contact, new varieties arise, often containing elements from several other languages. This thesis examines the language of Russian-speaking gamers using code-switching as a theoretical foundation. By both quantitative and qualitative analysis of chat conversations on the streaming platform Twitch, where streamers play and commentate the video game Age of Empires II, the results of this thesis demonstrate ways in which English words are adopted by Russian-speakers. Code-switching is discussed as an umbrella term, allowing a wide variety of words to be analysed. The thesis discusses code-switches from a grammatical perspective, and shows that code-switching can occur in different parts of speech. Motivations for code- switching are complex, but the results indicate that linguistic precision is not the driving factor in this context. The thesis suggests that more research can be done on the topic of Russian- English code-switching, and this thesis can be seen as a stepping stone on the way to further clarity.Item FROM POLITENESS TO SELF- CONSTRUCTION - Analyzing Women’s Language in a Japanese TV Drama Across Generations(2025-06-26) Wang, Ziwei; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerWomen’s language has long been analyzed in sociolinguistics and feminist linguistics. Previous studies investigate how women’s language is influenced by Patriarchy and societal gender norms, and is tightly associated with politeness. However, the studies are mainly based on surveys and interviews, and media materials are merely employed for research and analysis. The media is used as a means of policing women’s behavior and language, and the gender norms are reinforced through media discourse. Thus, the media could also reflect the changes in gender norms and be valued for analyzing how women’s language changes in fictional narratives. This thesis discusses how women’s language is represented in the latest Japanese TV drama and reflects women’s cognitive changes across generations. This study uses qualitative text analysis and examines female characters’ speech in one TV drama across generations and speech situations, focusing on sentence-final particles and intonation, revealing that women’s language generally reflects traditional gender expectations, but also contains elements and trends of changing these norms and appearing neutral cognitions from language use. By exploring gendered language from fictional dramas, this study expands existing material choices and perspectives to the analysis of women’s language and highlights that though women’s language is associated with gender and social identity, it is also complicated by individual cognition and self-construction.Item A STUDY OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE PLANNING AND LINGUISTIC EXPECTATIONS TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS WITH PERSPECTIVES TO SWEDEN(2025-06-26) Tou, Yuna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThis thesis aims to examine Japan’s language planning and language ideologies toward immigrants, while analyzing the linguistic expectations placed on immigrants. As a point of comparison, the essay takes the case of Sweden, which adopts a contrasting approach to immigrant language policy, in order to relativize and contextualize Japan’s stance. This essay employs an extensive review of relevant literature and a detailed analysis of language proficiency tests in both Japan and Sweden. The findings show that Japan's immigrant language policy perceives linguistic diversity as a threat to the dominant monolingual ideology. Consequently, such diversity is viewed as a problem, resulting in an imbalance between Japanese language education and heritage language education, and placing assimilative expectations on immigrants. Moreover, analysis of the language proficiency tests reveals that Japanese language education strongly reflects the social norms, suggesting an expectation for immigrants to conform to local societal standards. This tendency is highlighted in contrast to Sweden, which adopts a more pluralistic language ideology. In conclusion, a shift away from monolingual ideology and assimilationist expectations may be achieved through the top-down process of language policies grounded in views of language both as a right and as a resource.Item JAPANESE-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH- JAPANESE TRANSLATIONS OF ONOMATOPOEIA - A Comparative Pragmatic Analysis of Translation Consistency in Juvenile Fiction(2025-06-26) Svensson, Usagi; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerAims: This study on Japanese-to-English and English-to-Japanese translations of onomatopoeia aims to investigate common onomatopoeia, how they are translated, how consistently they are translated and finally, what concepts impact that consistency. Method/material: Several thorough read-throughs of the books Howl’s Moving Castle and Kiki’s Delivery Service act as the basis of this thesis. Following this, an analysis of the most observed onomatopoeia in these novels was conducted. In addition, to further investigate onomatopoeia frequency, the BCCWJ corpus was utilized. Once data was collected and categorized, an analysis of the consistency of translation of the most common onomatopoeia was conducted. Furthermore, analysis of the rate of translation through omission/addition. Finally, discerning whether frequency, lexicality, or where the onomatopoeia fall on the “showing-saying continuum”, impacts the translation consistency, if such is the case, discern how much. Main results: Translation was deemed consistent across the two books. The omission rate for Kiki’s Delivery Service was higher than previous research suggests, though additions for Howl’s moving castle were at a lower level. Frequency had little impact on translation consistency but lexicality and “showing-saying” had much more impact.Item Är det modala verbet få vanligare i facktexter skrivna på svenska än i facktexter som har översatts från engelska? En kontrastiv studie(2025-04-25) Andersson, Emil; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerVerbet få är högfrekvent i svenskan, och används i många sammanhang i många olika verbkonstruktioner. Dessa bruk av verbet gör att det kan ses som karakteristiskt för svenskan jämfört med motsvarande verb i andra språk (med betydelsen ’ta emot’). Uppsatsens hypotes är att konstruktionen modalt få + ett verb i infinitiv är vanligare i fackspråkliga texter skrivna på svenska än i texter översatta från engelska. Materialet har hämtats från en svensk-engelsk och engelsk-svensk parallellkorpus (databas med språkliga exempel), varefter särskilt intressanta exempel har studerats enligt Mårten Ramnäs modell med tre modala betydelser av få: ’nödvändighet’, ’tillåtelse’ och ’möjlighet’. Resultaten redovisas i tabellform för alla former av verbet, och för de specifika formerna infinitiv, presens, imperfekt samt supinum, och delas upp i vanliga och mindre vanliga ekvivalenter. Resultaten visar att de olika ekvivalenterna överensstämmer mer eller mindre bra med hypotesen, men i det stora hela är hypotesen bekräftad, då få är dubbelt så vanligt i svenska originaltexter som i översatta texter.Item Översättning av självhjälpslitteratur. En studie utifrån två analysmodeller(2024-11-19) Larsson, Anna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerNida delar in ekvivalens i formell sådan, det vill säga till form och innehåll, samt dynamisk, det vill säga till motsvarighet i vilket intryck texten gör på läsaren. I den här studien har jag översatt en del av en självhjälpsbok från engelska till svenska och därefter studerat de fall då jag i översättningen valt att prioritera dynamisk ekvivalens. Därefter har jag delat in dessa fall i tre huvudkategorier: Skrivregler, Grammatik samt Innehåll samt en rad underkategorier för att underlätta analysen. Dessa fall har sedan analyserats utifrån Kollers ekvivalenstyper (1989:100–101). Det visade sig att alla exempel inom huvudkategorin Skrivregler kategoriserades som textnormativ ekvivalens och samtliga exempel inom huvudkategorin Grammatik betecknades som pragmatisk ekvivalens. Inom huvudkategorin Innehåll var variationen större och jag fann exempel på textnormativ, pragmatisk, estetisk-artistisk samt konnotativ ekvivalens. Jag har dessutom tittat på fallen utifrån Hellspong och Ledins kontexttyper (2009:41–59). Jag kom fram till att textnormativa och grammatiska aspekter inte var särskilt intressanta ur ett kvalitativt perspektiv, men det hade kunnat vara det ur ett kvantitativt. Inom huvudkategorin Innehåll fann jag dock intressanta skillnader, till exempel i hur starkt man uttryckte sig på respektive språk och vad man valde att fokusera på.Item MUNICIPAL PRACTICES OF THE JAPANESE AND SWEDISH LANGUAGE POLICY AND PLANNING - A Comparison of Learning Support for Schoolchildren in Chiba and Gothenburg(2024-10-09) Suzuki, Sayo; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThe aim of this research is to compare the implementation of language policy and planning related to learning support in Chiba City, Japan and Gothenburg City, Sweden, for schoolchildren who need learning support due to factors such as their home language or upbringing, and to explore what Japan should learn from the Swedish cases. This study covers the practices of Japanese language instruction, the subject of Swedish as a second language, mother tongue education, study guidance in mother tongues, and linguistic accommodations including the use of Easy Japanese, Easy Swedish and multilingual information. In order to investigate the municipal practices, document analysis and interviews with a municipal organization, teachers, students and their parents are conducted. The results reveal that both cities have differences in the content and quality of instruction provided, depending on several factors such as the municipal financial conditions, the instructors and interpretation of Language Policy and Planning by schools. As for support for regular subject studies, there were clear differences in the extent to which students have access to well-resourced teaching staff. With regard to multilingual communication and easy language, it was observed that Chiba City makes more effort than Gothenburg City.Item A nexus analysis of textual material about the volunteer experience at the ministry of storytelling(2024-10-08) Sällström, Lovisa; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThis project analyses the Volunteer Handbook from The Ministry of Storytelling by isolating three separate social actions and the many different factors that contribute to the social actions. The topic of this paper was decided by my own interest in the foundation and my experience as an intern at the foundation for ten weeks in early 2024. The foundation works with language development within multiple subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate various discourses present within the foundation and how the discourses connect to the role of the volunteer. The theoretical framework is a nexus analysis which provides a complete overview of the historical body, interaction order and discourses in place. The Volunteer Handbook is further analysed as a policy document, which includes language policy research. The textual data is excerpts from the Volunteer Handbook that either fit into historical body, interaction order or discourse in place. Additional data is from the official Ministry of Storytelling website, their YouTube channel and my own field notes. The results are divided into three social actions: the decision to volunteer at The Ministry of Storytelling, signing a document with ethical guidelines and the reflection and enforcement of the Volunteer Handbook.Item EL LENGUAJE DE LA FE - Un análisis sobre la familiaridad y la percepción del uso de expresiones idiomáticas relacionadas al catolicismo en Colombia(2024-07-04) Durán Turizo, Jesús; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerLas expresiones idiomáticas constituyen un objeto de estudio interesante no solo por sus rasgos léxicos y semánticos, sino también por el significado cultural que representan para una comunidad de habla. Esto no es una excepción cuando se trata de la variedad del español en Colombia, la cual se caracteriza por el uso constante de estas unidades fraseológicas, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el catolicismo. No obstante, en un país en el que la iglesia católica cada vez tiene menos adeptos, se hace menester preguntarse si los modismos relacionados con esta religión aún siguen siendo utilizados, especialmente por los jóvenes adultos, quienes son los que más se han alejado de las prácticas religiosas. El presente trabajo examina los grados de familiaridad y percepción de uso de expresiones idiomáticas relacionadas al catolicismo por parte de los jóvenes en Colombia durante la segunda década del siglo XXI. Animismo, explora las actitudes lingüísticas de los mismos con respecto al uso de estas locuciones en distintos contextos comunicativosItem Does autism affect writing in English as a foreign language? A comparison between students with autism and their neurotypical peers(2024-07-04) Skansholm, Ann; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThis study examines whether there is any difference in writing skills between stu- dents with autism and neurotypical students when writing in English as a foreign language. Thereafter it examines if the results correspond with previous research, which has shown dif- ferences between the same two groups when writing in their first language. The age range of the students is 13 to 16 years. The linguistic areas that have been examined are spelling, gram- mar, sentence construction and content. The study is based on theories about writing, contras- tive analysis, error analysis and foreign language acquisition and it has a mixed method per- spective: It is a case study with both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The results sug- gest that there are differences between the two groups, but not entirely in a way that could have been expected, considering previous research about differences between the same two groups when writing in their first language. In their first language, autistic students performed worse in some areas where they, according to this study, performed on the same level or better than their neurotypical peers in the foreign language.Item TE REO MĀORI AND MĀORITANGA REPRESENTATION IN FICTION: A Discourse Analysis of te reo Use in Witi Ihimaera’s novel The Whale Rider (1987)(2024-07-04) Kolodjaschny, Julia; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerIn recent years Māori culture has gained significant recognition through its depiction in mass media like Disney’s Moana (2016) or Avatar: The Way of Water (2022). Voices within the community had called out against the misrepresentation of Māori culture. This thesis explores Māori language and Māori culture representation in one of the seminal Māori works, the 1987 novel The Whale Rider by Witi Ihimaera. It explores the use of te reo Māori¹ (the Māori word for Māori language) from a socio-cultural, postcolonial context, particularly its impact amidst the backdrop of its release during the Māori Renaissance. This era marked a resurgence of Māori identity and cultural pride, serving as a response to centuries of colonization and urbanization that had marginalized te reo Māori and other indigenous expressions. This analysis of the novel is done through empirical data analysis in the form of coding, discussing the results in a qualitative manner considering code switching practices and postcolonial studies. The study showed that in the novel, te reo Māori is predominantly used within the lexical fields of Māoritanga1 (Māori culture), Whanau (kinship), Te Taiao (nature philosophy) and Māori mythology, which are integral parts of Māori culture. Using native terminology ensures cultural authenticity and accurate representation of Māori culture, like Ihimaera intended.Item DEUTSCH-ENGLISCHES CODE-SWITCHING IN SOZIALEN MEDIEN - Soziolinguistische Korpusanalyse von Kommentaren auf TikTok unter Beiträgen über Lebensgeschichten, Humor und Hobbys(2024-07-04) Szymanowski, Konrad; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerIn recent years code-switching is becoming more and more popular in sociolinguistic studies. This essay deals with the analysis of this phenomenon based on the comments published on TikTok, a social media platform used primarily by people between 18 and 24 years old. All comments contain instances of German-English code-switching. By applying sociolinguistic analysis on the corpus of several chosen comments found on this platform, this essay aims to discover how users of TikTok shape their identity online and their membership in TikTok- Community. The focus of the analysis is on the type of code-switching used, possible reasons behind using English terms in the German language and ways of shaping online identity by applying code-switching in the comments.Item Modal auxiliaries in English and Swedish A contrastive study of English can/could, may/might, and Swedish kunna and få(2024-01-22) Landälv, Gustav; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThe results suggest that English can and could, when expressing dynamic modality, are mainly translated as respectively kan and kunde. When omitted in the translation, the main verb with which they co occur is often a verb of perception, such as see, or a private verb involving a thought process, like understand or remember. Epistemic might was mostly translated as kanske. Swedish kan and kunde, when expressing dynamic modality, were mostly translated as can and could, respectively. When dynamic kunde was omitted in English, the translation sometimes contained an adverb expressing repetition, such as sometimes or occasionally. This adverb was not always present in the Swedish original, however.Item Willingness to Communicate in EFL Classrooms: A Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Upper Secondary Students in Sweden(2023-10-17) Mohamed, Jasmine; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThis qualitative research paper aims to investigate the EFL learner perspective on WTC and which factors influence their WTC. Additionally, another aim is to investigate if there is a difference in WTC between English and Swedish for the learners and what causes it.The study employed a qualitative research design, utilizing interviews to gather rich and nuanced data from a diverse sample of EFL learners. The participants consisted of 5 intermediate EFL students from an upper-secondary school in Gothenburg, Sweden. A thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns, themes, and categories that emerged from the data. The findings revealed that a complex combination of situational and individual variables influences EFL WTC. Furthermore, individual variables, including linguistic competence, anxiety, and motivation, played a crucial role in shaping learners’ WTC. Moreover, the study uncovered the dynamic nature of WTC, highlighting the importance of examining how situational and individual variables interact and constantly evolve. The implications of this study underscore the need for educators and language practitioners to consider a multifaceted approach to foster WTC among EFL learners. By understanding the intricate interplay of situational, individual, and dynamic variables, instructional interventions and classroom practices can be tailored to create supportive and motivating language learning environments, ultimately enhancing students’ communicative abilities and confidence in using English as a foreign language.Item COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEBRAISMS IN THE SHORT RECENSION OF ENOCH 2(2023-06-26) Ohlsson, Inna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerIt has long been known that Enoch 2, short recension, contains plenty of Hebraisms and many scholars commented on them. The present work is the first systematic study of Hebraisms based on two methods: comparative, where Enoch 2 is compared to Zerubbabel, and corpus linguistical, where AntConc software is used to study the words, which can give rise to a Hebraism. The main result of the study leads to a conclusion that Enoch 2, short recension, has a compilational character because the Hebraisms are rendered in different ways: in some occasions by meaning, while in the others word by word. The second result is that the knowledge of the Hebrew meaning of certain Hebraisms, frequently used in the Bible, makes it easier to understand the nuances of some phrases in Enoch 2. The third result is that there is a considerable difference in the types of Hebraisms present in the Book of Zerubbabel and Enoch 2: the former contains much less Hebraisms, yet the most convincing of the Hebrew origin of the protograph, while Enoch 2 contains a lot of Hebraisms and no such ones, which would unequivocally speak for the Hebrew protograph.Item VERBAL MORPHOLOGY IN THE GARISSA DIALECT OF SOMALI(2023-06-21) Mohamud, Abdirahman; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerThe essay investigates Garissa dialect, aiming to examine how far it is different from, or similar to, the standard Somali when it comes to verbal morphology. There are only very general studies of Somali dialects, and no study has ever focused specifically on this particular topic due to security reason among other things. The study relies mainly on field research conducted in Garissa town by recording participants who discuss about topics at their choice without researcher’s intervention or manipulation. What the essay has discovered is that Garissa dialect is slightly different from standard Somali regarding verbal morphology, but not as much as one imagines at the first encounter with the speaker of that dialect and what they themselves believe. The differences are mainly found in past tense areas, and in some irregular verbs. Other than that, there is no major difference between the Garissa dialect and the standard Somali. The essay, thus, suggests that there is a need for further investigations to explore whether the conceivable differences lie in other linguistic areas such as phonology, noun morphology syntax and so on.Item PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE: REFUSAL SPEECH ACT BY IRANIAN STUDENTS IN SWEDEN(2023-04-19) Shatery, Kazhal; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerUnderstanding cross-cultural differences plays a crucial role in communication and successful cross-cultural communications depends on various factors such as pragmalinguistics and sociopragmatics. Many researchers focus more on the aspect of pragmatics such as speech acts. The present study is a contrastive study of refusal speech act. The aim of this study is to investigate the pragmatic transfer in the speech act of refusal and then find similarities and differences between the speech acts of refusal in response to an invitation, request, offer and suggestion in various social contexts in two languages and cultures. This study was conducted by Iranian students in Gothenburg who utilize both Persian as their first language and English as their second language. 24 Iranian students completed a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) that included 12 situations by submitting written refusals to 3 invitations, 3 requests, 3 offers and 3 suggestions. The data were then coded based on the classification of refusal speech act by Beebe et al. (1990). The results were compared with the results of another study in which Iranian students were compared with 10 American native speakers of English cited in Abed’ study (2011). The results show that in terms of frequency of refusal strategies, both Iranian students and American native speakers of English like to utilize more indirect refusal strategies. The Iranian female students utilized more refusal strategies to show more politeness than the Iranian male students. Furthermore, analysis revealed that both Iranian male students and Iranian female students utilized address terms and that the Iranian female students utilized religious expressions while the Iranian male students did not.Item FUNDAMENT I ENGELSKA OCH SVENSKA - En jämförelse av en engelsk populärvetenskaplig text och dess svenska översättning(2023-03-20) Landälv, Gustav; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerI studien analyseras strukturen hos 150 engelska fundament och deras svenska översättningar ur ett nästan sammanhängande utdrag från den engelska populärvetenskapliga boken Berlin: The Downfall 1945 och dess svenska översättning Berlin: Slutstriden 1945. Jämförelsen utgår främst ifrån flertalet av Andrew Chestermans översättningsstrategier, och även från grammatiska skillnader mellan engelska och svenska. Hos de 104 fundament där ordföljden i fundamentet är oförändrad med undantag för V2 och subjektet inte är förändrat i något av språken är de vanligaste översättningsstrategierna: ’Literal translation’, ’Clause structure change’ (varav en stor del var grammatiskt obligatoriska), ’Phrase structure change’, ’Explicitness change’ och ’Distribution change’. Bland de 25 fundament där ordföljden i fundamentet var oförändrad med undantag för V2 och subjektet var en ’övrig förekomst’ eller i ena språket hade fått en annan referent, var pronominaliserat eller expliciterat/underförstått hade 15 subjekt en annan referent i översättningen. Detta berodde främst på strategierna ’Paraphrase’och ’Clause structure change’. Bland de 37 fundament som hade en skillnad i längd på minst 3 ord mellan käll-och måltext hade 23 en oförändrad ordföljd med undantag för V2 mellan käll-och måltext och ett oförändrat subjekt. Den främsta orsaken till skillnaden i fundamentslängd var grammatiska skillnader mellan språken, som inte kunde relateras till en översättningsstrategi.Item La politesse et le ménagement de la face dans L’école des femmes de Jean Baptiste Poquelin Molière(2022-09-29) Niemomuaka, Ephraïm; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerRésumé Mémoire : 15 crédits ETCS Programme et cours : Langue et communication interculturelle Niveau : Niveau avancé Semestre/année : Semestre du printemps 2022 Directeur/rice : Andreas Romeborn et Linnéa Koré Examinateur : Mots-clés : Titre : Politesse, face, Brown & Levinson (1987), L’école des femmes Liste d’abréviations : - B&L: Brown & Levinson - FTA (face threatening act) & FFA (face flattering act) L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’expliquer les manifestations linguistiques de la politesse dans L’école des femmes de Jean Baptiste Poquelin Molière (1662) qui est une œuvre qui nous semble être liée à plusieurs facteurs sociolinguistiques, entre-autres le fait que la politesse fait partie de notre quotidien et reste un sujet d’actualité indépendamment de l’époque à laquelle on se trouve. Il s’agit de mettre en lumière la politesse telle qu’elle se manifeste dans quelques scènes de l’œuvre de Molière (1662). En ce qui concerne les théories de la politesse, nous avons avant tout Brown & Levinson (1987) qui consacrent tout leur ouvrage à ce sujet de la politesse. La notion de politesse engage bien d’autres termes, par exemple la notion de face. Cette dernière dérive de Goffman (1955) et Goffman (1967) mais nous la repérons aussi dans B&L (1987). La face est une image publique que le locuteur présente aux yeux de son interlocuteur. Dans la politesse, il est nécessaire que l’acquisition du message, de l’envoi ou de la requête soit faite d’une manière plutôt agréable que non-agréable au risque de devenir une menace pour le destinataire. Une acquisition non-agréable veut dire que le locuteur franchit le territoire de son interlocuteur et ce dernier subit une face threatening act ou un acte menaçant pour la face, désormais FTA (B&L 1987). Quant au résultat, nous avons constaté que le respect de la procédure conversationnelle fait en sorte que le locuteur et l’allocuteur interagissent de manière fluide de l’ouverture à la clôture de l’interaction. Nous constatons aussi que celui/celle qui initie la conversation, l’ouvreur, est censé d’en toujours prendre compte. De même, c’est un moyen d’éviter le désaccord lorsqu’on respecte cette procédure conversationnelle, et cela engendre le respect simultané d’opinion. Nous avons également remarqué que certains FTAs, bien que pas possibles d’anéantir complètement, peuvent être réduits lorsque le locuteur se sert du principe que toute vérité n’est pas bonne à direItem VERBASPEKT OCH TEMPUS I FORNKYRKOSLAVISKA – en undersökning av några handskrifter till Physiologus(2022-09-13) Petersson, Lisbeth; University of Gothenburg/Department of Languages and Literatures; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för språk och litteraturerMitt syfte med detta arbete är att undersöka, om det går att se om verbaspekt och tempus förändras i en text, som traderas av kopister under flera århundraden. Min metod är att använda tre berättelser ur Physiologus från den andra översättningen. Anledningen till att jag har valt dessa tre berättelser är, att de baseras på samma tre handskrifter och kan därmed undersökas komparativt. Resultat: Endast små förändringar kan observeras i aspekt och tempus i de tre valda berättelserna.