Doctoral Theses / Doktorsavhandlingar Institutionen för kulturvård

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Why Care? Reframing Practices that Shape Place Futures
(Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2025-10-03) Staats, Rebecca
This dissertation explores the people and practices that shape place futures. Many professional fields go into shaping places such as placemaking, place branding, and heritage practices. Each of these spheres brings different knowledges, norms of practice and goals. Civil society actors also shape the future of places through participation in place planning and everyday activities. However, differences in language, priorities and professional expertise create challenges for connected and holistic approaches. A lack of clarity about what place planning activities are and what they should achieve is compounded by the fact that actors may care for a different idea of what their place is or should become. To bridge these differences and pay attention to competing ideas of the place in question, a conceptual reframing is required. To address this, the thesis employs the concept of care as an analytical framework to study the actors and practices, their motivations and relations, that shape place futures. This framework is applied to two empirical case studies in Sweden and the UK. The different scales of the case studies demonstrate the importance of situating actors within their temporal, spatial and institutional contexts. Through the application of the analytical framework the study demonstrates that the care concept provides two benefits: firstly, it directs our analytical attention in new ways to examine the values and relationships underpinning place planning practices that might otherwise remain implicit. Secondly, the care framework provides an integrative frame to both bridge differences between place planning paradigms and recognise the role of everyday practices in shaping the place. Through an iterative dialogue between theory and practice this research demonstrates that the care concept is a way forward in rethinking approaches to place futures.
I båtbyggarnas kölvatten: Tolkning och rekonstruktion av en hantverkstradition i Stockholms Skärgård
(Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2025-09-18) Fredrik, Leijonhufvud; Leijonhufvud, Fredrik
Through an analysis of old boats and craft reconstructions, this thesis explores historical boatbuilding traditions in the Stockholm archipelago and how craftsmanship skills were shaped and transmitted in the past. The thesis investigates how these and other craft traditions can be understood and reconstructed when no living tradition remains. The focus of the thesis is on the practical reconstruction process, where the interaction between boatbuilders, materials and functions in local waters is central, and on the historical context, where archival material provides insight into the lives of 19th-century boatbuilders. The öka boats in the Stockholm archipelago, a local variation of Nordic clinker boat traditions, were chosen as a case study. The öka boats are open, clinker-built vessels designed for both sailing and rowing, serving as versatile boats for fishing and transport from the outer skerries to sheltered waters. The thesis is based on diverse source material consisting of historical original boats and archival sources, which complement each other and are interpreted through reconstructions. These reconstructions contribute to an iterative reinterpretation that constantly develops understanding of the subject, in this case the boatbuilding tradition in the Stockholm archipelago. The theoretical framework is mainly hermeneutic, inspired by Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophy of interpretation and prejudice (1960). The affordance concept developed by James Gibson (1979) is used to analyse the relationship between the craftsman, materials, environment and tools. As a result of this research, the boatbuilding tradition is understood as a system of measurements and procedures but at the same time a system of flexibility – a set of rules of thumb rather than rigid standards. The variation in the shape and construction methods reflects both geographical differences within the archipelago and the practical conditions (affordances) that builders had access to. Certain misunderstandings about the construction of these boats are clarified; forgotten nomenclature is brought to life. This thesis shows that a particularly challenging area is reconstructing the abstract knowledge that the boatbuilder carries – the tacit knowledge of design and judgement that cannot easily be expressed in words or measurements. In summary, the thesis is an in-depth investigation of an older boatbuilding tradition of the Stockholm archipelago, where practical craft skills and historical research are combined to make visible and protect a multifaceted tradition. It highlights the complexity of cultural heritage, the need for new research methods and the importance of preserving non-living intangibles or traditions as part of a cultural heritage.
Antikvariska planeringsunderlag – den byggda miljöns form och uttryck
(2025-04-01) Holmström, Sören; Holmström, Sören
Utgångspunkten för avhandlingen är behovet av antikvariska planeringsunderlag med operativ relevans inom fysisk planering och byggnadsvård med avseende på deras analytiska ändamålsenlighet vid såväl utvärderingen som modelleringen av förslag till ingrepp i den byggda miljön. I avhandlingen presenteras en uppsättning analytiska kategorier och undersökningsinstrument, vilka använts för kvalitativa och kvantitativa analyser av diskursutvecklingen inom svensk kulturminnes(miljö)vård från 1970-talet till senare hälften av 2010-talet. Härigenom har avhandlingen också tillfört en begreppsapparat med vilken man kan tala om och reflektera över den byggda miljön som ett rumsligt teckensystem, dels vid analysen och bestämningen av det antikvariska planeringsunderlagets begreppsverkan i ett fortsatt uttolkningsförfarande, dels vid modelleringen av såväl generella som riktade planeringsunderlag med god operativ potential. Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att lämna ett underbyggt bidrag till utvidgningen av antikvariens tolkningsrepertoar och beskrivningskapacitet vid framtagningen av planeringsunderlag med operativ ändamålsenlighet som bevarande- och påverkansinstrument. Denna underbyggnad har omfattat följande forskningsuppgifter: - Begreppsläggning av den operativa (analytiska) potentialens grundkategorier, inskrivna i en planeringskontext som det integrerade tolknings- och beskrivningsproblemet. - Empirisk granskning av antikvariska planeringsunderlag och officiella metodanvisningar för klarläggandet av kulturminnes(miljö)vårdens beskrivningsdiskurser över tid, syftande till att ge ett begreppshistoriskt bakgrundsperspektiv i arbetet med att utveckla de antikvariska planeringsunderlagens ändamålsenlighet. Det granskade materialet omfattar drygt tusen generella planeringsunderlag, tjugofem metodanvisningar och nästan etthundrafemtio artiklar och rapporter. I detta inbegrips också fördjupade textgranskningar med illustrativa exemplifieringar av underlag med god analytisk potential. - Begreppslig prövning i vad mån värde- och upplevelsebegreppens karaktäristika och tillämpningar inom kulturmiljövårdsfältet kan stå hindrande i vägen för utvidgningen av antikvariens tolknings- och beskrivningsrepertoar. - Vidare redogörs för tidigare forskning och teoribildning som på olika sätt angör miljö- och byggnadstolkningens problem, syftande till att bidra med olika infallsvinklar som kan underbygga ett bredare uppmärksamhetsfokus och en fördjupad tolkningshorisont. I detta inbegrips också fenomenologiskt orienterade teoribildningar, i syfte att visa på möjligheten att använda upplevelsen som ett kreativt verktyg i tolkningen och beskrivningen av den byggda miljön.
Människor och målningar. Inredningsmåleri i hälsingegårdar 1750–1800
(2024-05-13) Nylander, Lars; Nylander, Lars
Hälsingland is a province that historically had no nobility and where farmers were freeholders. From the end of the Middle Ages to the second half of the 19th century, wall and ceiling paintings have been preserved in or from farmhouses, partly as intact rooms, partly as loose wall canvases or fragments. The preserved rooms date mainly from the 19th century, and some farms with interiors of this kind have been declared World Heritage Sites. There are eight farms from the period 1750–1800 in Hälsingland, in which there are whole room interiors or from which such interiors come from. These have formed the research material for the thesis. The purpose of the thesis is to examine interior painting in Hälsingland farms during the second half of the 18th century from a cultural-historical perspective by discussing the context of creation, the regional society, the people involved and how interior painting has been used from its creation to the present day. Theory and methodology have been derived from Material Culture Studies and Viccy Coltmans model has been used for the study. The study shows that there is evidence that several of the eight examined farm households, who originally commissioned the painting a few years before the dating, had received an inheritance, which can be interpreted as a contributing factor to the family’s financial ability to invest in a newly painted interior in the already existing festivity room, or a completely new building. The identity of the painter can be estab - lished in six of the eight farms. Mainly local folk painters were hired, but in one case a master painter from Hudiksvall was engaged. He had recently painted interiors in the parish church where the farmer was the churchwarden. The motifs in the eight studied farms are mainly biblical, both from the Old and New Testaments and the Old Testament Apocrypha. The second largest category is allegorical representations. Secular images, such as portraits of contemporary celebrities, illustrations of fairy tales and fables, and still lifes of flowers and birds, are also included. In one of the studied farms there are no figurative scenes, but rather rocaille, floral arrangements and patterns
From Gone to Gain: Exploring the Scope of Historic Environment Compensation in Planning
(2023-11-28) Dore, Maitri
Large planning projects inserted in old cities often cause physical loss of the historic environments they encounter. Public actors face the challenge of conserving these environments, while simultaneously considering planning needs for the future. Departing from an understanding of conservation as the dynamic management of change, the thesis explores “compensation” for historic environment loss in response to urban planning projects. To do so, it delves into law and policy, theory, and practice. The thesis finds that in law and policy, the provision for compensation is severely inadequate, with environments largely being understood from the natural sciences perspective. This often connotes re-creation and/or relocation of the affected environments. In theory, historic environment compensation is inadequately researched, misunderstood, and often contested. And in practice, there are hardly any precedents for it. Given this background, the thesis fleshes out an understanding of compensation using two cases of large infrastructure projects that affect officially designated historic environments. The primary case is the West Link train tunnel in Gothenburg, Sweden, and the secondary one, the Mumbai Metro, in Mumbai, India. Findings show the presence of compensation in the West Link and preservation in the Mumbai Metro. Compensation is an additive and change-oriented response. It can take the form of conveying stories through signage, design elements, displaying excavated remains, as well as by creating entirely new public spaces and programmes at the urban scale. This is in contrast to preservation in the Mumbai Metro, which focuses on preserving the physical and visual integrity of the affected historic environment. The responses in the cases also reveal authorised views to varying extents, in the selection of certain historic environment values by experts. Further, compensation and preservation are heavily mediated by their planning contexts. They emerge through negotiations, are dependent on various institutional and policy frameworks, regulations, multiple actors and their approaches and mandates, and several constraints associated with these. In this context, it is often a challenge to implement more change-oriented approaches to conservation. Nevertheless, compensation offers a dynamic alternative to managing change to historic environments in moments of major urban transformation.
Leaving dry land: Water, heritage and imaginary agency
(Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2023-09-01) Driesse, Moniek
This doctoral dissertation explores the interplay between water, heritage and the agency of the imagination. Instead of seeking how to map subjects or heritage, the research focuses on the ways in which mapping and the cartographic gaze have produced subjects in specific categories. It seeks to create moments of orientation and reorientation to experience the effects, affects and possibilities to imagine ways beyond these fixed geocodes and the taken for granted. As such, this dissertation contributes to broader discussions regarding critical design practices alongside critical heritage studies, while channelling design’s ability to shape the world and to explore potential approaches that foster collective imagination and planetary care. Two iterations of a fluid methodology were conducted in Mexico City and Gothenburg, foregrounding precarious issues in heritagisation processes and exploring aquatic agency. The methodology provides a tool for bridging different epistemologies, disciplines and perspectives, fostering transdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge permeation. By engaging with water as a subject and employing imaginative techniques, the research aims to actively (re)imagine the past, present and future of urban environments, enabling diverse infrastructures, ecologies and cosmologies to emerge. Heritage is reconceptualised as a navigational system that traces diverse relations in the world. In this sense, the research challenges modern heritage paradigms by acknowledging the ephemerality of water.
Staten som trädgårdsmästare. Järnvägens planteringar från naturförsköningskonst till testamente
Lindgren, Anna
Järnvägen är en av de innovationer som påverkat modern samhällsutveckling allra mest. När de första stambanorna började att byggas i mitten av 1800-talet anlades planteringar som en integrerad komponent i järnvägssystemet. De utgjordes av prydnadsplanteringar, skyddsplanteringar och planteringar för husbehov. Trots att dessa planteringar tog stora ytor och resurser i anspråk långt fram i tiden, har vi idag inte mycket kunskap om hur det kommer sig att de anlades och när synen på dem började att förändras. Syftet med avhandlingen är att analysera och diskutera vilka händelser och ideal som präglade uppbyggnaden och nedskärningen av den statliga järnvägens planteringsverksamhet i Sverige. Tidsmässigt omfattar studien två nedslag: uppbyggnadsfasen åren 1855–1875 och nedskärningsfasen åren 1955–1975. Arkivmaterial har lokaliserats genom att utgå från järnvägens organisation. Textanalys, med inspiration från diskursperspektiv och teorin om spårbundenhet, av arkivmaterial och litteratur har använts som metod. Med utgångspunkt från begreppen modernitet och plats diskuterar avhandlingen hur förändringen, från att planteringar var fundamentala inom järnvägssystemet till att de inte längre ingick i järnvägens anläggningar, kan förstås och förklaras. Avhandlingen visar att planteringar inkluderades i vad som ansågs vara nyttan med järnvägen och utgjorde en central del i de nya platser som anlades längs spåren. Järnvägens planteringar präglades under uppstartsfasen 1855–1875 av naturförsköningskonsten och nationsbygget som ideal. Organiseringen och samordningen av en planteringsverksamhet med trädskolor och trädgårdsmästare var grundläggande för verksamheten. Under nedskärningsfasen, 1955–1975, ledde den prestandainriktade vändningen till fokus på rationaliseringar och besparingar. Efterkrigstidens moderniseringsideal, en ny järnvägspolitik, bilen och skyndsamhetens ökade betydelse bidrog till att järnvägens roll minskade. Struktur, ordning, skönhet, framsteg och bildning uttrycktes inte längre på samma sätt med planteringar. Många platser övergick från att vara en arena att vistas i till en yta att passera. Hur idealen påverkade de materiella uttrycken och vad som ansågs vara modernitetbefrämjande diskuteras i avhandlingen. Den industriella moderniteten under 1800-talet motiverade anläggandet av järnvägsplanteringar. Högmoderniteten under 1900-talets andra hälft motiverade till en början nedskärningar och slutligen, år 1973, avveckling av plantskoleverksamheten och ändrade arbetsuppgifter för trädgårdsmästarna. Inför förändringarna togs så kallade testamenten fram i form av utredningar av befintliga planteringar med avsikten att flytta ansvaret från en central nivå till lokal nivå. I avhandlingen berörs även frågan om förändringarna som en bidragande orsak till dagens brist på gestaltade gröna ytor i järnvägsmiljöer.
Painting Treatments of Weather-Exposed Ferrous Heritage. Exploration of Oil Varnish Paints and Painting Skills
(2021-10-15) Källbom, Arja
This thesis is about industrial heritage—the protection of ferrous heritage by using anticorrosive oil varnish paints. The purpose of this thesis in Kulturvård and craft research is to provide guidelines, tools, concepts, and models that may be used in anticorrosive oil varnish painting maintenance of ferrous heritage. This is needed in in order to improve maintenance interventions and working descriptions. The methodology is a holistic, multiple methods approach; involving methods that collect quantitative and qualitative data to enlighten the phenomena from different views and exemplify different types of quality assessments of substrates, paints, craft skills, and final results. The research is characterised by an insider perspective of the craft and paint materials. The maintenance could be improved by systematic anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy, control, and monitoring. Tools for assessing the status of existing paint layers, a matrix for the specification of working procedures, and critical quality control of checkpoints and tools are provided. The paint types in focus are fat oil varnish paints, especially the so-called armour paint, used from the 1920s until the 1960s. The armour paints have long durability, and the concept of the paint system is explained in the research in terms of origin, formulation, use, and characteristics. Armour paints produced with the guidance of historical recipes are aged naturally in Southern Sweden and in accelerated, standardised laboratory tests compared to historical paint samples. Moreover, sensory profiling of drying oils and varnishes has been conducted by the using of methods common in sensory studies in the field of food and beverage and a vocabulary for sensory quality assessments and communication is initiated. Improved communication methods could be used in practice and education, and to highlight the importance of craft skills and evidence-based experiences for the final results.
Balancing Building Conservation with Energy Conservation - Towards differentiated energy renovation strategies in historic building stocks
(2021-05-20) Eriksson, Petra
Balancing building conservation with energy conservation is challenging. The overall aim of this thesis is to bridge the perceived conflict of reaching climate and energy goals on the one hand and the goals of a sustainable management of historic building stocks on the other hand. Historic buildings constitute an important representation of the built heritage, and make up a large part of the total building stock. Within the historic building stock, there are opportunities for energy efficiency improvements that can, and should, be undertaken in order to contribute to climate and energy goals. However, changes due to energy improvement measures need to be made without damaging or destroying the heritage values that are embodied in, and represented by, historic buildings. For this to happen, heritage values need to be identified, acknowledged and articulated in a systematic and transparent manner in order to be balanced with other interests when assessing energy saving potential in relation to building conservation requirements. Three areas are of importance to move the issue of balancing building conservation with energy conservation from building level to building stock level. These are 1) adapted decision support processes for historic building stocks, 2) methods to integrate aspects of heritage values for decision support processes, and 3) building stock analysis aiming at developing differentiated energy renovation strategies for historic building stocks. Decision-support processes have been developed and tested for buildings and building stocks. On building level, the proposed process allows for interaction between a quantitative assessment of the techno-economic optimisation and a qualitative assessment of vulnerability and risks. On building stock level, categorisation to produce archetype buildings, restrictions with regard to heritage values and extrapolation of results from the optimisation are added to the process. The building stock analysis visualises the relationship between different segments of a selected historic building stock and thereby shows the need for differentiated energy renovation goals and strategies that reflect the diversity of the building stocks. The results provide not only a method to develop differentiated energy renovation strategies, but also argue for the need for coherent and coordinated information about the historic building stock. As a conclusion, my thesis has shown how to support informed decisions that balance energy conservation with building conservation for both individual buildings and building stocks. Further development is needed towards standardised decision support processes for historic building stocks that include the trade-off between preservation of heritage values and energy efficiency.
Managing Ecclesiastical Heritage - Transformation of Discourses, Roles and Policy in Sweden
(2021-03-24) Nyström, Maria
Religious heritage is in a state of transformation. Changing religious practices and secularization affect the established Christian congregations in many countries, as membership decreases and churches close. During recent years, new approaches to use and develop churches have been explored by the heritage field and the Christian congregations. A parallel development in heritage theory and policy focuses on broad definitions of heritage and questions the position of the heritage expert. In Sweden, the ecclesiastical heritage has a prominent position through heritage legislation and the shared management model of the State and Church. Departing from two case studies of projects that explore new approaches to heritage management, the purpose of the thesis is to describe how ecclesiastical heritage is constructed and understood by public heritage institutions and the Church of Sweden. In addition, the thesis aims to describe how professional and institutional roles and responsibilities are constructed and understood within the field. The case studies cover two contemporary projects involving the built ecclesiastical heritage in Sweden: the Cathedral Hill Project in Strängnäs and the Hamra Project in the village of Hamra. The projects unite actors from the public heritage field and the Church of Sweden and aim to develop and extend the use and management of the church. Adopting a qualitative approach, the material consists of interviews with key actors, documents, and observations of the case studies. Synchronic discourse analysis is applied to identify discourses on heritage and understand the roles of the actors. The results reveal parallel discourses on heritage among the actors, which are constructed through coinciding and conflicting values on the management of the past. Conflicting values may be negotiated to reach consensus, while different interpretations of governing frameworks and objectives cause tension between actors. The institutional roles and responsibilities of the key actors provide different capacities to incorporate policy strategies in practice. Despite the difficulties of balancing the objectives of the organizational framework of public heritage management, the actors use the available resources and tools to transform the boundaries of their institutional roles from within.
Konsten att förvalta. Bevarandets utmaningar och möjligheter – värderingar och beslutsprocesser i 1900-talets Sverige rörande offentlig byggnadsanknuten konst
(2020-12-16) Hermerén, Karin
Denna avhandling har tillkommit i syfte att förbättra förutsättningarna för bevarande av byggnadsanknuten konst i offentlig miljö. Bakgrunden är de stora utmaningar samhället står inför när det gäller att bevara det omfattande antal konstverk som har beställts sedan 1900-talets början, i synnerhet avseende kulturmiljösektorns förmåga att identifiera och prioritera vad som bör eller ska bevaras för kommande generationer. Avhandlingen analyserar val och beslutsprocesser i bevarandepraxis, samt dessas konsekvenser för långsiktig förvaltning, särskilt i relation till kulturarvsbegreppet samt förvaltning och tillsyn. Vilka och vems kunskaper, värderingar och kompetens som påverkar, styr eller avgör besluten i valsituationerna diskuteras, liksom huruvida metoder behöver utvecklas för att tydliggöra, kritiskt diskutera och analysera regelverk och underliggande etiska ställningstaganden. Avhandlingens teoretiska fundament utgörs av några begreppspar (bevarande och kulturarvsprocess, förhandling och makt, val och beslut, kulturarvifiering och kanonisering samt antikanonisering och glömska), där företeelser diskuteras huvudsakligen utifrån konserveringens och kulturvårdens teori, men även strukturerings- och värdeteori. För undersökningen har fallstudien tillämpats som metod, och tre fall har undersökts induktivt, deskriptivt och värderande genom observationer, intervjuer och dokumentstudier. Avhandlingen består av 12 kapitel, där de tre inledande presenterar bakgrund, syfte, teori och metod. Kapitel 4–5 identifierar och kontextualiserar byggnadsanknuten konst beställd av offentliga aktörer under 1900-talet ur begreppsligt, historiskt respektive juridiskt perspektiv. Kapitel 6–9 utgör avhandlingens empiriska del, där fall studeras inom kyrkligt område (Växjö domkyrka och Svenska kyrkan), bostadsområde (miljonprogramsområdet Lindängen i Malmö) och sjukvårdsområde (Vrinnevisjukhuset i Norrköping). Likheter och skillnader fallen emellan analyseras avseende beställning, reception och bevarande. Kapitel 10–12 omfattar diskussion, samlade resultat, slutsatser samt förslag på tillämpning. Fem problemområden för bevarandeverksamheten har lyfts fram, vilka rör dess mål, praxis, styrning, diskrepanser och brister. Utifrån dessa har intressenternas handlingsalternativ, resurser, kunskaper, kompetens, värderingsutgångspunkter och beslut diskuterats. Resultatet visade på en rad brister och problem inom bevarandeområdet byggnadsanknuten konst, givet de värderingar som uttryckts i politiska måldokument, professionens riktlinjer och lagstiftning på området. Dessa brister och problem är kontextberoende, men kan ändå utgöra underlag för i texten angivna rekommendationer. Avhandlingen har särskilt pekat på behovet inom kulturmiljövårdens praxis av gemensamma tydliga mål och dokumenterade bedömningar samt ett nytt konstantikvariskt kompetensområde. Beslutsprocessen bör vara tydlig och förankrad – genom använda väldefinierade begrepp, bredd i kunskapsinhämtning och kompetenssamverkan – för robusta och legitima beslut, också avseende nya konstbeställningars relation till framtida bevarande. En översyn av relevanta kriterier och lagstiftning behövs. Byggnadsanknuten konst borde omfattas av samhälleliga resurser och förståelse för förvaltning, samt tillgång till skyddsbestämmelser. Ingenting i fallstudierna har framkommit som påvisar att nya metoder för värdering behöver utarbetas. Man kan komma långt med att använda redan existerande metoder, som då bör stärkas och utvecklas samt tillämpas konsekvent och långsiktigt.
Det frivillige fartøyvernet i Noreg - Historisk bakgrunn, omfang og motivasjon
(Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2020-06-03) Småland, Erik Goth
Voluntary Ship Preservation in Norway: — Historical Background, Scope and Motivation Introduction: Today historic ships are recognised and publicly valued as an important part of Nor-way’s cultural heritage, with substantial annual government funding for preservation. State funds finance not only docking and repairs of listed ships at commercial shipyards, but also encourage volunteer activity with provision of parts and materials for projects that can take a decade or more to achieve the typical aim of making a historic vessel once again seaworthy. Even though this volunteer effort is crucial for restoring and maintaining the maritime heritage of Norway, little is known about its background, organization, scope and impact. This study aims to find: 1) how ship preservation in Norway has developed as a field dominated by volunteers grassroot-organizations 2) who the volunteers are, and what is the scope and impact of their ef-forts3) the volunteers’ motivations and personal experiences and the impact on their proximate social environment. Methods: The study was carried out with three sub-studies. Sub-study I is based on a literature review and discourse analysis. Sub-study II is based on a survey with data from 82 volunteer leaders and analysed quantitatively. Sub-study III is based on 14 semi-structured interviews with volunteers, using content-analysis to identify and organize different categories in the volunteers’ statements. Results: • The discourse analysis of sub-study I shows a shift in praxis, framework and argumentation for ship preservation during the period from 1964 to 1975. From ad-hoc fund-raising activities with the aim of securing ships for museums, the volunteer organisations after 1964 became permanent organisations, taking care of their own ships. In 1967 the first state funding changed the framework for ship preservation in Norway. During the 1970ies ship preservation and a new grassroot-movement promoting costal culture merged, leading to a shift in the argumentation for preserving ships: The argument changed from ships representing important maritime trades to ships representing Norwegian national culture. • The quantitative analysis in sub-study II shows that the change in praxis, framework and arguments in ship preserving in the decade from 1964 marks the beginning of a steep and continuous increase in ship preservation organizations and volunteers. Being male, elderly, and having a strong relationship with the region and/or the specific ship are the most important correlates of volunteering for this work, whose annual value is estimated to be the equivalent of 5.5 million euros in 2009. • The qualitative analysis in sub-study III shows that the ship preservation organizations are closely linked to their local communities and history, and their efforts are widely appreciated. Volunteering in a context of skilled, group-bonded, culturally prestigious activity adds considerably to social capital among this group of elderly Norwegian men. The volunteers’ experiences resemble closely the stages of the empowerment process. Conclusion: Volunteer ship preservation has played an important part in changing the way Norwegians perceive their history and national identity. Volunteers are crucial for the restoration and maintenance of Norway’s listed fleet, and those volunteering are mainly elderly males, a group generally underrepresented as volunteers in Norway.
Management regimes for lawns and hedges in historic gardens
(2020-02-26) Seiler, Joakim
Management regimes for lawns and hedges in historic gardens This research investigates and compares eighteenth-century and contemporary garden management methods with a focus on the structural elements of lawns and hedges at Gunnebo House, which is used as a craft laboratory. The concept of management regime is utilized for a discourse analysis of the garden through the norms embedded in the management. My research asks not only how did they do it back then? but also how shall we do the work now? The research has consisted in travelling in a hermeneutical circle, from historical sources to craft experiments of historical gardening and onwards, towards an enhanced understanding of the sources through the discoveries made in the experiments. One result of this study is the development of knowledge concerning eighteenth-century management methods for lawns and hedges which has been acquired through the study of historical sources and craft experiments. The craft experiments showed that use of manual tools generally requires a higher degree of skill than is needed when using contemporary tools, which typically secure the quality of the work themselves. The tool used day after day on a particular element of the garden slowly transforms the object. Some historical gardening crafts are living traditions and other vanished methods have been reconstructed in my study. The management affects the garden as a soundscape and this investigation indicates that the contemporary power tools reduce accessibility for visitors due to the noise produced by the tools. The conclusion of the research was that there were several dominant management regimes. The first is a regime that I call the management regime of conspicuous consumption. It developed during the seventeenth century and intended to manifest the social Abstract status of a person, like John Hall at Gunnebo House, by consumption of luxury articles. The pleasure garden at Gunnebo House was an unproductive piece of land that required intense management; it was conspicuous consumption of land. Another dominant regime has been the management regime of the heritage garden at Gunnebo House since the 1990s. The aim for this regime is the revival of the eighteenth century. The conception of time, of what the eighteenth century is, is rhetorical and the regime produced a ‘heritagized’ image of a past time. In this regime, traditional crafts have been an important component and the management has developed into heritage gardening. Both the regime of conspicuous consumption and the regime of the heritage garden strive for the same esthetical ideals, the same expression and, to a large extent, the same craft practices. The major difference between these regimes is that, in the eighteenth century, the ideals, style, and craft were modern and future-oriented while today they are historical enterprises which are oriented to the past. The study has concluded in the suggestion for a new management regime, the regime of meaningful management in the age of the Anthropocene. This regime is not only focused on craft as a means to preserve historic gardens and on looking back over history and defining values based on measurements of preservation of tangible and intangible cultural historical qualities; it also highlights craft as meaningful activity in its own right for people of today. It is a regime which encourages quality and sustainability that comprises and combines good practices from different pasts with contemporary concerns for biodiversity and sustainability as well as people’s sense of heritage and interest in learning from the past.
Kalkbruk - krympsprickor och historisk utveckling av material, metoder och förhållningsätt
(2019-01-31) Eriksson, Jonny
I denna avhandling undersöks uppkomst av krympsprickor i puts. I undersökningen används våtsläckt sub- hydrauliska kalk. Den aktuella kalksorten har används i Sverige under 1800- och 1900-talet men också under 2000-talet i samband med putsrestaureringar. Observationer i samband med framställning och användning av denna typ av kalk pekade på att om kalken bearbetas för att den skall vara lättare att sila och förpacka samt därefter lagras uppstod en högre frekvens krympsprickor i putsen än om kalken inte lagrades eller upparbetades. En undersökning gjordes för att undersöka det empiriskt observerade sambandet. Resultaten från undersökningen visade att upparbetning och lagring av våtsläckt sub-hydraulisk kalk bidrog till att frekvensen krympsprickor i puts ökade. Resultaten pekade på att bindemedelrika bruk kunde var möjliga att framställa och använda i praktiken. En förutsättning för framställning av bindemedelrika bruk var att bruket blandades på nysläckt kalk. Detta sätt att tillverka bruk på ökar risken för att skador av osläckt kalk uppstår. För att minska denna risk rekommenderas under 1900-talets mitt att våtsläckt kalk skall lagras från 1-4 veckor innan den används. I motsats rekommenderas under 1800-talet att bruk framställs på nysläckt kalk med motiveringen att det ger bruket bättre beständighet. För att undersöka användbarheten av nysläckt kalk i praktiken implementerades resultat i en putsrestaurering av en medeltida kyrka. Syftet med implementeringen var att undersöka om bindemedelrika bruk gick att framställa på nysläckt kalk utan att oacceptabla krympsprickor eller kalkskott uppstår. Resultat från den implementerade studien visade att bindemedelrika bruk var möjliga att framställa och använda utan att oacceptabla krympsprikor eller kalkskott uppstod.
I sökandet efter delaktighet. Praktik, aktörer och kulturmiljöarbete.
(2019-01-17) Weijmer, Malin
This dissertation concerns national heritage management as it is performed as an established institutional practice and a politically defined engagement. Since the late 1990´s an overarching political objective has been to ensure “everyone’s participation in heritage and heritage management” (Gov. bill 1997/98:114, 2012/13:96). Even though participation and inclusive practices continue to be urgent issues in policymaking – both nationally and internationally – a series of unsolved questions can be identified on how a negotiation of established engagements should be implemented, carried out and handled. The aim of this research is to analyse how participation as a political objective has been governed, interpreted and put into practice by public heritage actors in Sweden during the time period between 1997 and 2017. Based in the context of critical heritage studies the research seeks to unravel a series of different aspects; such as the relations between actorhood and institutionalised practices, the interaction and positions for influence, and lastly, claims on heritage and ability to highlight an imaginary (shared) past. The theoretical approach combines the concept of ‘policy implementation process’ (Bengtsson 2012) with ‘structuration theory’ (Giddens 1993). Focus is on the circulation of ideas and on what is ‘happening on the way’ as actors interact with policy and structures of stabilized actions. The research uses a combination of three examining studies and three case studies. In these studies, heritage management and participation are explored from an intertwined perspective, travelling through the processes of regulation, policymaking, implementation and effects through a direct interaction between public and civil actors. The case studies chosen all have the character of an ‘arranged dialogue process’ that aims towards integrating public and civil actors in heritage practice. The main source material consists of policy documents, project materials and oral statements. The dissertation identifies participation as a still unfixed, uncertain and contested concept. The implementation of participation as a political objective in heritage management (public administration and authority- making), therefore collides with a set of constraints. Consequently, participation continues to be more of a normative ideal for how to act, rather than an established new practice for heritage management. The discussion of results considers, firstly, that the arrangements needed to fulfil policy are depending on special efforts made by public actors to arrange a wider space for interaction and influence. Secondly, a renegotiated interpretation of participation is transiting the ideas of how, whom and what should be taken care of: heritage is used to overcome older asymmetries on who are being recognised and represented. The conclusion drawn, is that there is a need for acknowledging the enduring heterogeneity of the contemporary, by reinterpreting and a highlighting new parts of the past.
Wooden objects in historic buildings: Effects of dynamic relative humidity and temperature
(2017-11-24) Bylund Melin, Charlotta
Cultural heritage objects and interiors are found not only in museums but also in historic buildings, often with less climate control. The indoor environment in such buildings may be colder and more humid, and can fluctuate. The research presented here aims at better understanding the effect of such dynamic indoor environments on wooden objects housed in them. There are five papers covering three complementary parts of this research project: 1) Paper I examined how existing recommended climate ranges are interpreted and used by the cultural heritage sector, using two risk-assessment websites. The risk for wooden objects was interpreted by the two websites using data from buildings with different degrees of climate control. The two websites showed low agreement for the risk of mechanical damage in historic building environments, suggesting that knowledge of dynamic environments and the influence of low temperatures are not sufficiently studied. 2) Papers II and III aimed to relate damage of painted wooden objects to past and present indoor environments in historic buildings, starting with whether such damage to painted pulpits in churches can be related to past and present energy consumption. The total heat output 1900-1990 was revealed from archives on fuel costs and heating systems of each church and used as a proxy for energy consumption. These data were correlated with damage assessments performed for the painted wooden pulpits in each of the churches. Results suggested that more damage, in terms of craquelure in the paint layers, was present in churches with a higher heat output and there was increased damage in churches which used background heating compared to churches which did not. 3) Papers IV and V aimed to record moisture diffusion in wood and hence the impact of dynamic environmental conditions. Various indoor environments were simulated in a climate chamber using the selected method to estimate the rate and distribution of moisture in wood over time. Low temperatures were shown to reduce moisture transport and increase response delay, resulting in a smaller mechanical impact on wood. The thesis shows that low temperatures are beneficial for the preservation of wooden objects. While lower temperatures could help in saving energy on climate control in historic buildings, the results need to be validated. Further research projects are required linking field studies, laboratory experiments, analysis and modelling.
Interpretations of old wood. Figuring mid-twelfth century church architecture in west Sweden
(2017-11-23) Linscott, Kristina
This thesis explores mid-twelfth century church architectures in west Sweden. The architectures are investigated in the light of a case, five parish churches’ naves, in particular their attics and surviving mid-twelfth century roofs. Working from the insight that these roofs were most likely visible from the rooms below, the thesis presents in-depth analysis of the sites, buildings, and their organisation of forms and volumes. The archaeological evidence is approached with architectural perspectives, and the study brings together a partly new view of the mid-twelfth century church architectures. The churches’ attics and roofs have seldom been in the focus in studies that interpret the historical church architectures. Thus, even if the uniquely old roofs are well preserved, we understand only fragments of how they may have been significant. The naves were created in a period before we have specific documentary evidence. Thus, as a study system, the idea that the archaeological physical remains establish ‘iterated, performed, articulations’ guide the work throughout. The physical evidence is approached with architectural perspectives. The historical architectures are viewed as a matrix for peoples’ beings and doings, which means that the architectures were both essential, present ‘everywhere’, and routine, ‘everyday’. The thesis presents relationships between the remains and architectural perspectives. Based on investigations in the buildings, and a 3D laser scan of one church, the analysis first focus on walls and roofs respectively and thereafter explores relationships between these. The interpretations show that the naves’ masonry walls formed a firm and ‘cave-like’ setting, and that the roofs contrasted with a light and ‘lively’ character. The roof in one nave, in Gökhems’ church, articulates or marks ‘zones’ in the room below, interpreted as the ‘west’, ‘middle’ and ‘east’. Thereafter the thesis focus attention on four architectural themes in a sequence of events, i.e. ‘discovery and approach’, ‘portal and doorway’, ‘entry and exploration’ and finally, ‘recalled in visual memory’. In these, the focus is on the same church in Gökhem however, some investigations connect to stave churches in Norway, as well as to a woven picture of a church, in a tapestry from north Sweden. In the last part, the thesis cast light on some important subsequent changes. The results provides a basis for future projects, pointing to the importance of the wooden built remains in Sweden and Norway, working from ‘site topology’, and analysis of medieval built environment from the viewpoint of preserved textiles. The five churches are part of a Swedish national heritage and they were, together with many other small churches in Sweden, extensively restored during the twentieth century. In this process, they lost some of their local diversity. As we now try to fit these monuments, which have a national identity, into an increasingly complex world with many identities, new understandings of the churches’ varying pasts are important. The thesis seeks to strengthen archaeological and architectural perspectives within conservation, and argues to include roofs as particularly significant, in future monument assessments.
Trädgårdsmästarens förökningsmetoder: dokumentation av hantverkskunskap
(2017-05-29) Westerlund, Tina
Plant propagation is craft expertise that has been developed within a gardening tradition in which knowledge has primarily been transferred from one practitioner to another by showing and explaining. When the transfer of knowledge in practice wanes, documentation of working methods can provide support for passing on propagation experiences. But when we try to describe our experiences working with craft-based propagation methods in words alone, a communication problem arises. This thesis is about knowledge and knowledge sharing in the work gardeners do propagating perennials. The aim is to explore the methods for documenting – and communicating – gardeners’ expertise in the vegetative propagation of perennials. By observing gardeners’ working methods in propagation, participating in propagation work at nurseries, analyzing the notes I took on instructions given, and conducting my own gardening experiments I have been able to explore the following general questions: What constitutes the knowledge of an experienced practitioner of plant propagation? How can we understand this knowledge, and how can it be documented in a way that allows it to be conveyed to others systematically? Three different perspectives provided the point of departure for the study: the object-oriented, the practice-oriented, and the subject-oriented perspectives. This approach is based on Bengt Molander’s research on knowledge in action, and on analysis of the theoretical concept’s various orientations. These three perspectives – focusing on object, practice, and subject – have determined the format of the thesis. Their structure is an outcome of the study findings, a categorization system based on the plant parts used in vegetative propagation, reflections on documentation methods and reflections about the function of personal knowledge, situation-specific knowledge and knowledge development in plant propagation practice. The structure with the three perspectives is therefore also an answer to the question of how a gardener’s propagation expertise might be documented.
Making Sense of Heritage Planning. Experiences from Ghana and Sweden
(Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2017-04-14) Fredholm, Susanne
Heritage has become a key element in the development of places, and historic areas have become valuable spaces because of their economic relevance for global cultural tourism. However, the interpretations and management of historic areas are inevitably contested and subject to multiple and conflicting claims, representations, and discourses. These challenges are nowadays often approached through inclusive planning processes, but they nevertheless tend to ignore the specific complex relations that underpin heritage in development context. This thesis brings heritage theory and practice into dialogue with theories of place branding, planning and sustainability research in order to make sense of the complexities and the challenges of heritage planning in different socio-political contexts, and thereby contributing to heritage planning becoming more locally responsive. It employs methods of discursive analysis to study situations where heritage is integrated in development processes, and to analyse how different sets of values and objectives are negotiated, and the consequences of these negotiations. In Ghana, tourism development is politically used as a tool to create new jobs and business opportunities, and to strengthen the local economies. Heritage, and in particular the historic built environment, is in this context interpreted as a resource for development, which has also been the guiding premise in an internationally sanctioned regeneration project in Cape Coast. Yet, the historic built environment is interpreted differently by local stakeholders, and the ambitions of the project have not had great effect on the local planning system. Civil engagement in safeguarding the historic landscape of Fröå in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, has resulted in benefits which reflect regional policy objectives to combine heritage management, tourism development and social inclusiveness. Yet, when future management of Fröå is debated, heritage authorities prioritise traditional heritage values over social commitment. This reflects the general county-wide applied heritage planning, which show difficulties implementing policy objectives of being pro-active and supportive of heritage activities from below. The findings are presented in five articles which are linked and examined in an introductory monograph. A conceptual framework is developed and used to illustrate how resource-driven politics are put at work in historic built environments, and in particular, how different value frames and strategies are structured and re-negotiated over time. It is suggested that heritage planning constantly balance a demand/supply-driven point of departure, a process/product orientation, a bottom-up/topdown approach, and laymen/expert knowledge. The balancing of these features in relation to internal and external markets governs the way heritage planning is performed. Applied to the case studies, the conceptual framework makes evident the diverse and interwoven discursive laden and institutional constraints that make it difficult for heritage planning to move from a focus on objects to a focus on process and outcome in line with contemporary developments in theory.
Förhandlingar om kulturföremål. Parters intressen och argument i processer om återförande av kulturföremål
(2017-03-03) Hammelev Jörgensen, Mikael
Disputes over demands for a return of cultural objects, in many cases museum objects, are well known. But such conflicts can also be seen as negotiations, which can be analyzed as well. This thesis adds a negotiation perspective and by a close scrutiny points out certain factors and arguments which can facilitate a process, cause a blocking, or rescind a blocking. By referring to such a process as a form of negotiation, this might bring about possibilities for the parties involved, which they otherwise would not been considering. It may occur that behind a party's arguments some interests could have been hidden consciously, or been surpassed by something else, which can cause a blocking. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the actors' different perspectives in negotiations concerning return of cultural objects, how they argue in a negotiation position and how the process can affect the management of cultural objects. The negotiation perspective can generate knowledge for increased understanding of motives behind the parties' positions. The specific traits of negotiation processes and what arguments and interests that may be important during the passage of events are examined in two case studies. One case is about the process of the return of medieval ecclesiastical objects from a museum context to two rural churches on Gotland, Sweden. The other study examines the process of negotiating the return of a totem pole from the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm to the people of Haisla First Nation, Canada. The material that has been analyzed in this thesis shows in which phase in the process and why the parties changed their opinion, thus making a constructive solution possible. The thesis identifies aspects that the parties considered important in the negotiation process, and the outcome indicates how essential factors are valued in cases where the return of cultural objects are negotiated. Values and arguments, present in the case studies, are identified and categorized, which then are compiled into tables in order to make them comparable. These tables show in what period turning points took place in the process, and which aspects made parties change their respective standpoint, as the situation shifted from disagreement to consensus. For instance, groups of arguments that associates to the categories are: place, cultural identity, conservation and economy, are strong indicators of what some people find important. This thesis shows why and how the parties were convinced of the benefits of a solution grounded in consensus. By using a negotiation perspective the analysis identifies incentives that created a progressive process. The findings are useful for better understanding of future processes of returning cultural objects and benefit the development of the management of cultural heritage.

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