Genetic determinants of lung cancer and their application toward therapeutics. The role of ZFP148 transcription factor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion proteins in non-small cell lung cancer
Abstract
Lung cancer causes severe morbidity and mortality in millions of patients globally each year. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations facilitate neoplastic growth of lung cancer in adults and neuroblastoma in pediatric patients. However, the ways in which ALK interacts with genetic factors to trigger a variety of signaling pathways remain poorly understood. We investigated the transcription factor Zfp148, which represses activation of tumor suppressor p53, and downstream signaling targets of ALK fusion proteins in patient-derived non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. In addition, we investigated the efficacy of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ALK inhibitors brigatinib, alectinib, lorlatinib, crizotinib, and ceritinib as modes of therapy in patients with lung cancer. The cumulative data reported in this thesis shed light on the interplay between ALK mutations and the signaling pathways triggered by ALK in the process of cancer development. Our goal is to understand underlying molecular mechanisms in patient-derived cell lines and to identify drug combinations to treat ALK-driven NSCLC. To increase our understanding of differences between two clinical variants of ALK fusion proteins (EML4-ALK variant 1 and variant 3) in NSCLC, we investigated how these variants influence the activity of downstream signaling. We showed that triapine inhibitors of the RRM2 gene have synergistic effects preventing DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and ALK activation when given in combination with ALK inhibitors in patients with NSCLC expressing EML4-ALK fusion proteins.
SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA:
Lungcancer orsakar varje år morbiditet och mortalitet hos miljontals människor värden över. Mutationer i Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) bidrar bland annat till utveckling av lungcancer hos vuxna och barn. Hur ALK samspelar med andra genetiska faktorer för att stimulera en bred repertoar av signaleringsvägar är fortfarande oklart. Vi undersökte transkriptionsfaktorn Zfp148, som inhiberar aktivering av tumörsuppressorn p53, och signaleringsvägar som aktiveras nedströms om ALK-fusionsproteiner i cellinjer som etablerats från patienter med icke-småcellig lungcancer. Vi testade hur effektiva de av amerikanska läkemedelsverket (United States Food and Drug Administration, FDA) godkända ALK-inhibitorerna brigatiniv, alectiniv, lorlatinin, crizotinib och ceritinib är mot icke-småcellig lungcancer. Sammantaget belyser de data som presenteras i avhandlingen samspelet mellan ALK-mutationer och de signaleringsvägar som aktiveras av ALK vid cancerutveckling. Målet är att förstå underliggande molekylära mekanismer i patient-deriverade cellinjer och att identifiera drogkombinationer för behandling av ALK-driven lungcancer. För att bättre förstå skillnaden mellan två kliniska varianter av ALK-fusionsproteiner (EML4-ALK variant 1 och variant 3) undersökte vi hur varianterna påverkar signaleringsvägar nedströms om mutationen. Vi visade att RRM2-hämmaren triapine blockerar DNA reparation, cell cykel–reglering, och ALK-aktivering på ett synergistiskt sätt när den kombineras med ALK-inhibitorer, hos patienter med ickle-småcellig lungcancer som utrycker EML4-ALK fusionsproteiner.
Parts of work
I. Zhiyuan V. Zou1, Nadia Gul1,2,3, Markus Lindberg4, Abdulmalik A. Bokhari4, Ella M. Eklund2,3, Viktor Garellick1, Angana A. H. Patel2,3, Jozefina J. Dzanan2,3, Ben O. Titmuss2,3, Kristell Le Gal2,3, Inger Johansson1, Åsa tivesten1, Eva Forssell‑Aronsson5,6, Martin O. Bergö7,8, Anna Staffas9, Erik Larsson4, Volkan I. Sayin2,3* & Per Lindahl1,4*, “Genomic profiling of the transcription factor Zfp148 and its impact on the p53 pathway,” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 14156, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70824-2 II. A.A. Bokhari a, W-Y. Lai a, A.T. Le b, J.L. Gabre a,e, T-P. Chuang a, S. Fransson c, B. Bergman d, A. Djos c, N. Chen b, T. Martinsson c, J. Van den Eynden e, R.C. Doebele b, R.H. Palmer a,*, B. Hallberg a,*, G. Umapathy a,*, “Novel human-derived EML4-ALK fusion cell lines identify ribonucleotide reductase RRM2 as a target of activated ALK in NSCLC.,” Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol. 171, pp. 103–114, Jul. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.07.010
Degree
Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine)
University
University of Gothenburg. Sahlgrenska Academy
Institution
Institute of Biomedicine. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Disputation
Onsdagen den 14 September 2022, kl. 9.00, Hörsal Arvid Carlsson, Academicum, Medicinaregatan 3, Göteborg
Date of defence
2022-09-14
abdulmalik.bokhari@gu.se
Date
2022-08-12Author
Bokhari, Abdulmalik
Keywords
Zfp148
TP53
ALK
EML4-ALK
brigatinib
lorlatinib
RRM2
alectinib
Publication type
Doctoral thesis
ISBN
978-91-8009-813-7 (PRINT)
978-91-8009-814-4 (PDF)
Language
eng