Masteruppsatser / Institutionen för Kulturvård

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gupea-staging.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/18657

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Evaluating Three Sheer Support Fabrics Attached with Laid - Couching or Adhesive on Double - Sided Textiles by 2D Digital Image Correlation
(2025-10-02) Brito Caracol, Gabriel Eva; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This thesis focuses on the use of sheer mesh fabrics for structural support of holes in double- sided (and occasionally also semi-transparent) textiles. In textile conservation, it is usual to treat structural damages by attaching a newer layer of material to the backside of the object, typically of the same material. When it comes to double-sided textile objects, however, the application of this method would entail covering a part of the object that features significant aesthetic and/or functional attributes. So, this research sought out to find alternatives for this type of treatment using sheer support fabrics. A survey was sent out to understand what strategies are being currently implemented by professionals in these special cases. In addition, 3 different sheer fabrics, silk crepeline, polyester tulle and nylon net, combined with 2 distinct attachment methods; stitching and adhesive treatment were tested. To evaluate and compare each different combination, two tests were conducted. First, cotton mock -up samples with holes were treated with each method and put through a fixed-load test. The progression of the test was monitored using 2D Digital Image Correlation, a method that enabled the determination of the effect of each method on strain and displacement values. Additionally, each method was applied to a lace fragment in order to compare them visually and access their impact on the object. Results showed that choice of sheer fabric made a considerable difference on average strain values and distribution. It was also concluded that, for the most part, conservation stitching was successful in supporting the damaged area, showing lower strain values. Silk crepeline was thematerial showing the lowest strain and displacement values, having an even and consistent progression throughout the fixed-load test. On the other hand, besides experiencing adhesion failure on all tested samples, the nylon net mock-ups showed the most similar behaviour with the untreated control sample. When it comes to visual impact, more testing is needed to produce conclusive results.
Inadvertent exposure to chemical residues in textile conservation - A risk assessment methodology
(2025-09-11) von Schantz, Henny; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
A range of chemical compounds has historically been used on textiles to prevent and cure insect attack. This presents several problems to conservators working with historical textiles today. Documentation of the treatments was seldom done. Several of the used compounds are persistent and can be retained in materials. Furthermore, some of the substances have been classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic. The residual contamination can present a health risk to people handling the objects. The character of occupations involved in collections care encompass work tasks carried out in close proximity to objects, and extended periods of exposure is likely. The aim of this explorative study was to gather and present information about pesticide residues in museum textiles in Sweden as well as on how the exposure among textile conservators might take place. This thesis adopted a case study methodology to assess contamination in a folk dress collection. The case explored how a pesticide use history for a museum collection can be created by using different methods. Both hazards and exposure were investigated to enable risk assessments. Hazards in the folk dress collection were assessed through a document review and analytical techniques. Occurrence of organic pesticides were analysed in objects, dust and air using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS), used qualitatively to screen for a large variety of pesticides. Non-invasive and micro-invasive sampling methods were applied. Volatile organic compounds were collected with solid phase microextraction and TenaxTM sorbent tubes. Wipe sampling was conducted to collect particulate matter. The innovative method “TD-vacuuming” was used to sample for volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds. Presence of inorganic contaminants in objects was assessed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Quantitative data was collected but the assessment semiquantitative. To assess exposure scenarios and routes of exposure in textile conservation, interviews and a questionnaire were posed to textile conservators, and dust formation was measured with Particles Plus® in a dust exposure experiment. The study found that textile conservators are exposed to hazardous substances in their work and that some work tasks pose elevated exposure risk. Semi-volatile pesticide compounds can spread throughout collection rooms. Contamination varies between objects and can be due to other factors apart from pesticide residues, such as manufacturing processes. Further, failure to perceive hazards can lead to inadvertent exposure to chemical residues. The results from this study indicate that since hazards cannot be fully controlled, the focus of risk management for conservators should be on limiting exposure. There is a need for future studies on long-term exposure to low levels of chemicals and on chronic health effects among conservators.
Moderna kulturvägar Undersökning för värdering och urval av det moderna vägnätet enligt Trafikverkets metod för kulturvägsinventering
(2025-09-04) Ahlberg, Johanna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
The Swedish Transport Administration’s task is to assess and identify the cultural values in the state road network through their evaluation method. The identified roads with high cultural values are highlighted as Roads of Cultural Significance [RCS]. Currently, very few roads from the modern time period of the 1950’s to the 2020’s are highlighted as RCS. This study has aimed to identify the reasons behind the few highlighted modern RCS, if it’s harder to assess them, and also if there are complementary sources that could facilitate the assessment of modern RCS. By assessing the general viewpoints from people working with RCS through a survey, as well as identifying knowledge gaps in the RCS-method and completing them through literature studies, the study shows that the modern roads in fact are harder to assess and identify than the older roads, due to their standardized attributes from which it’s hard to select the most valuable roads. Contributing to the difficulties is their large scale. The study shows that the presentation of the modern roads in the RCS-method contribute to the sense that the modern roads are harder to assess and identify. The literature study shows that the material presented in the RCS-method contains a lot of useful information in terms of the modern roads, however the information is spread across a lot of different sources. The survey implicates that the people working with the assessment and identification of RCS lack time to read through the extensive material in the RCS-method. Further on, the survey and literature study implies that the RCS-method’s mandatory and recommended literature lack information regarding the modern roads, especially for the time period 1980’s to the 2020’s. The modern roads need contextualization in terms of historical and societal influencing factors when assessed as a RCS, and can’t be assessed in the same way as the older roads due to their high focus on speed and function. A complementary source material has been identified and can contribute to a facilitation of understanding and assessing the modern roads as RCS. Further, a more coherent and summarized source material from the Swedish Transport Administration in the form of a guide or a compendium regarding the modern roads and their contextual history and cultural values is desirable, which the complementary material found in this study can form the basis for.
Getting to know a concrete statue named Ingeborg Collecting Data to Estimate the Risk of Potential Damage
(2025-09-03) du Bois de Nevele, Sanne; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This thesis investigates the preservation challenges associated with the concrete statue named Ingeborg, created by Gerhard Henning. The primary aim is to understand the degradation processes affecting the statue and develop a focused risk assessment, especially due to its upcoming relocation because of museum construction works. The study explores material composition and structure using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray imaging, Temperature and Relative Humidity datalogging, and vibration monitoring. Key findings suggest Portland cement presence, a non-fluctuating environmental condition, and internal metal armature. The research highlights the need for refined preservation strategies for concrete artworks, emphasizing risks posed by physical forces and environmental factors. The insights aim to enhance the museum’s conservation practices and inform broader discussions within cultural heritage preservation.
”Backstugusittaren satt på ett kålland” - De obesuttnas trädgårdar vid sekelskiftet 1900
(2025-09-02) Hofsten, Julie von; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This study examines the gardens of the landless in Västergötland, Sweden around 1900. “Landless” refers to crofters, cottage-dwellers, and lodgers who lacked land ownership and held a subordinate social and economic position. Using primarily Karl Fredrik Andersson’s photographic archive, supplemented by questionnaires and gardening literature, the research explores the types of gardens, plant materials, and cultural practices of these marginalized groups. The study applies Laurajane Smith’s heritage theory to understand why such vernacular gardens historically have been overlooked in research. Findings show these small scale gardens were vital for subsistence, combining practical cultivation of kitchen crops, herbs, fruit trees, and a small selection of ornamentals. The gardens reflected both economic necessity and cultural identity. The study also highlights the challenges and potentials of using archival photographs for historical research and stresses the importance of multiple sources for a richer understanding. Ultimately, it suggests museums can play a key role in expanding garden history to include diverse social perspectives.
FROM PRESERVATION TO MODERN USE -THE BENEFITS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE IN MONUMENTS-
(2025-04-23) Lindberg, Mitra; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
Adaptive reuse of historic buildings, which aims to make the balance between heritage preservation with modern needs and the principle of sustainability, has become a practical solution. This thesis examines how adaptive reuse supports environmental sustainability, urban regeneration, and cultural heritage conservation. Five Examples from different places and cultures are chosen. By analyzing them, this research evaluates how adaptive reuse projects help reduce energy use, limit construction waste, and preserve cultural and historical value. The chosen projects, from large industrial sites to more minor landmarks, cover a variety of buildings, which shows different methods of mixing modern uses with historic characters and structures. The common challenges will be identified in this study, such as navigating regulations, managing budgets, and balancing modern updates and historical preservation. The results show that adaptive reuse by reusing resources helps protect theenvironment and materials while keeping cultural traditions and community identity alive. However, finding the right balance between preserving heritage and considering and addressing the economic aspect of projects remains challenging, especially in those fast-growing cities. This thesis ends with recommendations on how to make adaptive reuse more effective in combining environmental, cultural, and economic goals.
Climate Adaptation from the Gardeners Perspective: A Comparative Study between Sweden and the United Kingdom
(2024-09-17) Grönlund, Emma; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This thesis presents a comparative study into the practices and perspectives of 19 heritage gardeners across nine gardens in the United Kingdom and Sweden, focusing on their responses to climate change. The study encompasses interviews with six gardeners from England, working at— Aberglasney Gardens, Beth Chatto’s Plants and Gardens, Cothay Manor, Iford Manor Estate, Hestercombe House and Gardens, and the Japanese Gardens at Kew—and three in the greater Gothenburg area of Sweden: The Botanical Garden of Gothenburg, Gunnebo House and Gardens, and the Garden Society of Gothenburg. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the study addresses the questions: (1) How do gardeners in heritage gardens cultivate both natural and cultural heritage? (2) How do contemporary trends and norms, such as sustainable and ecological practice, rewilding and naturalistic gardens impact the work and methods in heritage gardens? (3) How can cultural ecosystem services improve the multifunctionality of ecosystems in heritage gardens? Employing the Cultural Ecosystem Services framework and Natureculture as theory, the study identifies eight major themes divided into conservation of cultural and natural heritage. Key findings highlight the impact of norms on pesticide use, strategies for water and drought management, the shift towards peat-free horticulture, and promotion of biodiversity. The gardeners' emphasis on education, authenticity, and the integration of new ecological trends illustrates the dynamic interplay between tradition and innovation in heritage garden management. This research underscores the importance of an integrated approach to heritage gardening, and showcase how a lack of understanding for the interaction between gardener and “the more-than-human” hinder visions, management, resources and funding to be planned in a manner that is culturally, naturally and economically sustainable.
Shifting water-land relations: Understanding heritage through a landscape approach in the proposed biosphere reserve at Lake Hjälmaren
(2024-09-10) Nuding, Elise Mae; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
The Lake Hjälmaren landscape is defined by changing relationships between water and land over time and has been formatively shaped by human activity in the modern era. The last 150 years have seen a succession of wide-scale interventions to control and regulate the flow of water through the landscape, and water-land relations continue to dominate contemporary policy issues and stakeholder interests. This thesis employs a landscape approach to investigate the entanglement of natural and cultural heritages in the contemporary Lake Hjälmaren landscape. In the context of the current process to nominate the area as a UNESCO biosphere reserve, this thesis explores the potential of these heritages for contributing to a more integrated management of the Lake Hjälmaren landscape going forward.
Exploring the Efficacy of Adhesives in Plastic Bonding: A Comprehensive Experimental Analysis with Emphasis on PVC-P Conservation
(2024-09-10) Leotta, Thea; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This research project conducted a comprehensive investigation into the long-term compatibility of six distinct adhesives with PVC-P plastic, a plastic material with a high degree of problematic characteristics in museum collections. Utilizing diverse metrics such as artificial accelerated ageing, radiography, and stress analysis through tensile testing, the study aimed to assess adhesive performance and reveal underlying interaction mechanisms. Statistical analysis provided significant insights into adhesive stress endurance, identifying the most suitable adhesive for PVC-P adhesive bonding from the tested adhesives. Among the six adhesives examined, Araldite 2020 consistently demonstrated the highest strength across all conditions tested. Nonetheless, upon consideration of reusability, ethical concerns, and environmental impact, Lascaux 498 HV emerges as the optimal adhesive for PVC-P among the tested six materials. While this project represents a significant step forward in our understanding of adhesive bonding of plastics, it also highlights the expansive scope for academic and scientific inquiry. By delving deeper into experimentation and evaluation, this project also paves the way for more informed conservation practices in the face of evolving materials and preservation challenges.
Stabilising heritage Iron gall ink corrosion on paper and the eternal search for an ideal treatment
(2024-07-01) Lagerqvist Alidoost, Anna; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This study has been conducted to investigate the complexities of iron gall ink, its degradation mechanisms and possible stabilisation methods. Iron gall ink represents a writing medium that was commonly used from the Middle Ages to the 20th century and is frequently found in historical documents in archives. The condition of iron gall ink documents can vary greatly, from very good to a state of degradation where the corrosion rate causes substantial material and informational loss. Extensive research has been carried out the past three decades to nuance the understanding of the ink, its historical variations in composition and degradation patterns. A part of this study has been directed towards providing an overview of the experimental work conducted within the cross- disciplinary field of iron gall ink research, as well as identifying current practices of treating iron gall ink objects within conservation-restoration. To this end, a survey was created and internationally distributed to practising conservator-restorers. The results from the study indicate a gap in communication and knowledge transfer between the experimental context of conservation science and the heritage management of conservation-restoration practice. Guiding principles of the contemporary conservation profession could be defined as continuously evolving in accordance with the discursive flows of contemporary heritage theory. A significant part of the study was focused on evaluating a proposed stabilisation method, based on a modified adhesive of Klucel G dissolved in an ethanol dispersion of nano-calcium hydroxide with the addition of an antioxidant, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). This was applied to groups of mock-ups that were created using Whatman No.1 paper and hand-made rag paper in combination with two sorts of iron gall ink, one containing copper and one without. Pre-aged and not-pre-aged mock-ups were after treatment submitted to processes of accelerated aging for different durations. For comparison, additional groups of mock-ups were treated with the proposed method in its decomposed variations: Klucel G in ethanol, Klucel G in an ethanol-based dispersion of nano-calcium hydroxide, Klucel G in ethanol with TBAB but was also compared with an aqueous method based on gelatine, dissolved in water and diluted with ethanol, with an addition of calcium propionate. After aging, the effects of the treatments were analysed using tensile testing, colorimetry, pH measurements, SEM-EDS, μ-XRF, bathophenanthroline test strips and ocular examination. The results indicated positive effects from both the proposed method and the aqueous treatment with gelatine, but with some effects on visual appearance that would be important to consider when planning a conservation action.
Neural Radiance Fields for the Digitization of Ethnographic Collections: A Comparative Analysis of State-of-the-Art and Established Methods for the 3D Documentation of Cultural Heritage Objects
(2024-07-01) Callahan, Claire Maeve; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
Conventional 3D documentation utilizing Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques has been established as an accurate and comprehensible method of cultural heritage digitization. The recent development of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) is set to revolutionize the field of 3D modelling, and yet, the current appreciation of NeRFs in cultural heritage practice is still at its relative infancy. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of NeRF algorithms, implemented using Nerfstudio, as a potential alternative to the tenured method of SfM 3D visualization. This investigation addresses the quantitative and qualitative results of a comparative analysis of NeRFs as a representation of the state-of-the-art, utilizing SfM photogrammetry as reference. The quantitative results indicate varying degrees of deviation between comparable pointclouds and meshes, most of which can be attributed to the inherent differences in the implementation of each method. However, the accuracy of the 3D geometry generated by NeRF algorithms is, overall, similar to SfM references. Qualitatively, the fully trained NeRFs consistently underperform the SfM textured meshes in regard to surface details and visual quality. Ultimately, the current iterations of NeRF algorithms are not satisfactory alternatives to established SfM methods. NeRFs represent a specialized facet of the rapidly evolving field of Artificial Intelligence-assisted technologies. It is possible that within the coming years, advancements, and optimizations of the NeRF algorithm will see the method overtake current photogrammetric standards of accuracy and quality for cultural heritage digitization.
The paint loss of Callmander’s stained glass windows: An investigation of the prevalence and causes behind the paint loss on Callmander and Svenska Glasmåleri AB’s stained glass windows
(2024-02-06) Eisfeldt, Victor; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This MA-thesis investigates the loss of grisaille paint in the stained-glass windows created by the artist Reinhold Callmander and Svenska Glasmåleri AB, with the aim of understanding the prevalence as well as the reasons behind the issue. Stained glass has historically been in the periphery of conservation. This thesis seeks to generate valuable information for both future conservation decision-making and cultural history context. Understanding the reasons for the paint loss can serve as a first step in reducing the risk of further deterioration by raising awareness, highlighting urgency of action and providing information necessary to implement preventive measures. The methods used in this thesis consists of a literature review, condition assessments of Callmander’s stained glass in Gothenburg and Varberg, and technical analysis with microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy of glass shards from two of Callmander’s windows. Through the condition assessments, the study indicates that paint loss is a common issue amongst Callmander’s stained glass windows. Furthermore, the study shows that manufacturing issues are likely responsible for paint loss, possibly due to insufficient firing. To fully establish the cause of paint loss, more research is needed.
Tracing Tempera through Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysing samples from four icons from the Nationalmuseum collection
(2024-01-30) Olivier, Nina; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This thesis will analyze samples in form of cross-sections taken from four icons of the Nationalmuseum collection, two Russian, from the 18th and 19th centuries and two Greek, also from the 18th and 19th centuries, using the Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Technique. The objective is to detect, isolate and, if possible, identify the amino acids and the fatty acids in the protein and lipids used in the tempera, the ground, and the olifa using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. By doing so, a view of the distribution of the different substances used in making the icons, can be presented. Through analysis, the paint layer can be studied to see how it has been affected by later additions such as olifa (varnish) and conservation materials. This will benefit the knowledge of these icons and their technical composition as well as it will be an aid in the conservation and restoration of icons from a technical point of view. To provide a background for the analysis, sections describing icons and the materials technological composition thereof, tempera and the chemistry of tempera, and the materials analysis method of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, have been included in the thesis. These sections have been based on literature research, articles, seminars, and a conference on tempera, held in Munich in 2018. The ocular examination of the icons, and the collection of paint samples for the cross-sections took place in the fall of 2022. The analysis of the samples was done in the spring of 2023. The microscopy of the cross-sections was done in the studio of the author and the analysis was made at RISE research facilities in Borås with help of their Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry researcher.
FINDING TRACES OF THE MODERN MOVEMENT IN GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN Implementing personal value through visualisation as a conservation tool
(2024-01-30) Vandesompele, Inès; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
The organisation Docomomo International is engaged in the documentation and conservation of the built environment related to the Modern Movement. Therefore, it was essential to discuss what this means for our modernist heritage. The focus here was on whether traces can be found within the Swedish built environment as the buildings in generally aren’t thought of so highly. Two case studies were selected for this purpose, the districts of Södra Guldheden and Örgryte in Gothenburg, Sweden. It looked at how Docomomo International is able to raise awareness of this type of heritage as a conservation tool. Yet, the main focus was on whether analysis based on personal visualisations could be a way to show how traces can be found in the city of Gothenburg. Using these visualisations, it was revealed that personal characteristics of a place within the built environment could be seen as personal values.
Desalination of Archaeological Iron Objects in Vacuum
(2023-12-13) Pienimäki, Aleksi; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This work investigates the efficiency of commercially available vacuum containers as a physical deoxygenation method for desalination solutions for archaeological iron. Other factors are investigated as well, such as the effect of cleaning the objects of their corrosion crusts before treatment and drying them between subsequent treatment baths. While only pre-cleaning could be shown to have a statistically significant effect on residual chloride concentrations, use of vacuum shows promising results and deserves to be investigated further.
Unlock those closed doors
(2023-10-18) Gualandri, Giulia; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
The present work aims to investigate the current situation regarding the conservation profession and the communication to the public through outreach initiatives, especially from the point of view of the conservators. In the latest decades outreach and communication have been taking a preponderant role within the profession of conservation, causing changes in the daily tasks of conservators and new demands in terms of skills which professionals need to acquire. This thesis wants to contribute to the research on the conservation theory and history, and to the development of the professions. Other objectives were the collections of data on the current situation in the British Isles, give the conservators a chance to express their opinion on the subject and assess if changes in the way we educate future conservators are needed in light of the collected data. Therefore, the researcher has implemented a mixed approach that included case studies, literature research, a self-administered online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to gather data in order to answer the research questions: How is the profession of the conservator changed in the latest years in terms of active public engagement? How are outreach initiatives affecting conservators, and how conservators feel about these changes? Are there specific types of outreach event that require the involvement of conservators that are more widely used? Is the conservation profession displayed online by heritage institutions? How? Do conservators learn communication and/or presentation skills during their formal training? Is there enough demands for these skills to start talking about a new specialization for conservators that would want to specialize in outreach and communication? The collected results will demonstrate how, despite the efforts made and an increase in the number of dedicated initiatives, the profession still remains largely unknown and unseen, probably due to historical and intrinsic reasons but also to the absence of a consistent, coherent and capillary work of communication of the profession both online and in person. It will also be highlighted how, despite a growing demand for the participation of conservators in outreach and communication initiatives, skills connected to these activities are only sporadically included in the education of professionals, and with substantial differences among programmes. These needed skills especially include the ability to convey complex concepts in a simple and engaging way, knowledge of various communication strategies in order to be flexible, and also creativity and practical skills. The lack of teaching in these areas might be one of the reasons why, despite many conservators believe in the importance of raising awareness of the profession, especially in the attempt to improve job securities, salaries, policies and fundings, some of them don’t always feel to be included in all the proposed (and sometimes imposed) initiatives. It will also be shown that, according to conservators, the public is very interested in conservation, even in the more technical aspects, especially if it concerns unique and precious artifacts and/or relatable, every-day objects. Finally, a possibility to move forward is imagined, which includes raising awareness by consistently including conservation content, layered to cater different learning needs, knowledge levels and interests, eliminate information gatekeeping, advertise and encourage the public engagement tasks within conservation and finally provide adequate training in communication
A PILOT STUDY ON STAIN REDUCTION Effects of Stains, Cleaning Agents, and Cleaning Methods on Polyester Textiles
(2023-08-28) Hindborg, Karin; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
The thesis was an experimental pilot study that investigated efficiency and effects of stains and cleaning agents on polyester textiles. A literature review and interviews with textile conservators were used to understand the degradation of polyester fibres and to find suit-able staining and cleaning agents to use in the experiments of the study. The experimental part contained aged and stained samples of polyester fabric. The samples were stained with acidic coffee, alkaline ashes and fatty synthetic sebum and cleaned with Orvus WA Paste, Dehypon LS54, Gall soap, triammonium citrate and ethanol. Two cleaning methods were used: cotton swabs dipped in cleaning agent and cleaning agent dripped through the sample on a suction table. All cleaning agents and cleaning methods were effective for stain reduction on some types of stains. No cohesive changes in degradation caused by the different staining agents or cleaning agents were shown in the results from tensile testing.
'Amerikafebern' och byggnadsskicket - En studie av emigrationens påverkan på landsbygdens bebyggelse i Västsverige
(2023-05-24) Odenbring Widmark, Marie; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
In the years 1850-1930, about 1.2 million Swedes emigrated, most of them to North America. In popular speech one could say there was an 'America fever' in Sweden. As a result a huge network developed that united people across the Atlantic. Contact was maintained via letters and photographs but also through the approximately 200,000 people who returned home. These 'reemigrants' influenced Sweden in many ways, people brought back with them money, artefacts, working methods and a new worldview. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the influences the emigration might have had on the building tradition. My hypothesis is that American building styles and technique have influenced Swedish building tradition, not only via the professional architecture but also more direct within the vernacular building connected to the emigration. The overall objective is to investigate issues connected to houses built by returning emigrants to contribute, complement and nuance the picture of local and regional building tradition in west Sweden. It is done through four specific objectives; - Present an overview of the emigration to North America as a background to understand the context surrounding building activities of those who returned. - Describe North American architecture regarding villas/dwelling houses during the period 1850-1920. - Account for how influences connected to house building are spread, especially regarding architectural influences of North America. - Trough an investigation of buildings in Western Sweden as examples of "American houses" built during the period 1890 to 1935, discuss connections to the emigration, house styles in North America and how news may have been spread. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods is used that provides the study with both primary and secondary data. The qualitative part is an investigation of a selection of unique objects, the quantitative part is based on literature studies used to build a theoretical frame. The work has included mapping, field studies, documenting trough photography, interviews and archives. The study focusses on rural houses found in the counties Dalsland and Västergötland from the days of mass emigration, 1860-1920. The investigated objects are used as physical traces and are analysed visually. Comparing the inventory objects with American house styles that the emigrants may have encountered during the specific period has been a main point. The result presents that the investigated objects all show inspiration from North American building tradition and can be seen as a concrete expression of the emigration. But the thesis also show that influences came from many different sources in a time of great change and industrialization and that it is difficult to detect how news are spread. But very interesting is that the emigration seems to have created a kind of direct line that allowed popular house models in the USA to land on farms and in villages in western Sweden without intermediaries. It challenges the idea of center and periphery. News connected to building reached rural Sweden broader and maybe fasterthanks to the emigration. It is obvious that architecture and new techniques shows great resemblance with the development in North America. We have the wooden tradition in common with the development of sawmills and carpentry. The trend of the time reached us from many places but especially from North America, an area so many west Swedes had a strong and personal relation to.
Omvandlingsprocess av kustnära kulturvärden och kulturmiljöarbete i ett förändrat näringsfång i Bohusläns kustsamhällen
(2023-02-02) Sikström, Maria; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
This study aims to reason and investigate the conservation authorities' institutions and conservation authorities' approach and methods and the value perceptions of various actors of coastal communities in Bohuslän. This study has focused on the observation and reflections of the study's actors in connection with a new daily business or conservation and preservation in the built environment. The thesis has investigated how coastal communities' cultural and historic environments have arisen and changed under the influence of several connections and factors. The study expects to make visible and clarify a transformation process of coastal cultural-historical values in selected coastal communities. The study also expects to make visible and clarify cultural heritage and historic environmental work in a changing daily business during the last 40 years. Therefore, the method of this essay has been an exploratory study of both quantitative and qualitative nature—empirical findings on case studies of both Mollösund and Sydkoster and interviews includes people who are actors in these cultural environments in various ways, including the institutions of conservation authorities. The survey shows that conservation authorities' definition of cultural value changes to varying degrees over time. Some cultural-historical values seem more permanent than others, and how permanent the cultural-historical value is over time is difficult to assess. The results show that a new economic daily business, housing ownership and community planning structure presents conservation authorities' cultural and historic environment work with new challenges. In conclusion, the study draws two overarching conclusions regarding conservation authorities' approach and methods to cultural-historical values in a changing economy, home ownership and community planning in Bohuslän's coastal communities.
THE GOTHENBURG COLOURISTS - Analysis of selected works by Karin Parrow, Ivan Ivarsson and Ragnar Sandberg
(2022-11-28) Karlsson, Sebastian; University of Gothenburg/Department of Conservation; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för kulturvård
ABSTRACT Paintings from three selected Gothenburg colorists, Karin Parrow, Ivan Ivarsson and Ragnar Sandberg were analysed to gain insight into their use of colour. The Gothenburg colorists refers to a group of artists who were active in the Gothenburg area and west coast of Sweden, most of them had studied under Tor Bjurström (1888-1966) at the Valand Academy of art during the 20s. The eight selected artworks were investigated using X-ray fluorescence, Infrared false colour photography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Analysis results suggest that the artists overall used cadmium based yellows and reds, chromium based greens, ultramarine, Prussian and cobalt blues zinc and lead whites are predominant. Analysis also identified individual characteristics in the different artists' use of colour. In Ragnar Sandberg's Cyklister, indications of advanced photocatalytic degradation of cadmium yellow were observed.

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